Scientific Whaling in International Law Limitation and Development

Main Article Content

Pannavit Tapaneeyakorn

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to study problems that may arise from the ambiguity of Scientific Whaling under international law. There is still some ambiguity around the meaning of Scientific Whaling while considering the relevant provisions of the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling and the interpretation and application of the Convention by the International Court of Justice (“ICJ”) in the case of Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v Japan; New Zealand intervening). In this regard, the author is of the view that the rules on this matter are still unclear. Likely, States Parties to the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling may claim that they hunt whales on the pretext of whaling for scientific research, despite the real intent being to hunt whales for commercial whaling. The author argues that such problems may be solved by defining Scientific Whaling in soft law to clarify the concept.

Article Details

How to Cite
Tapaneeyakorn, Pannavit. “Scientific Whaling in International Law Limitation and Development”. Naresuan University Law Journal 16, no. 2 (December 23, 2023): 25–40. Accessed April 28, 2024. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/lawnujournal/article/view/264052.
Section
Academic Articles

References

Arizona State University. “How Whales Defy the Cancer Odds: Good Genes: Researchers Break Down DNA of World’s Largest Mammals.” Science Daily ScienceDaily. January 27, 2023. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190510091342.htm.

Birnie, Patricia. International Regulation of Whaling: From Conservation of Whaling to Conservation of Whales and Regulation of Whale-Watching. Vol. 1. New York: Oceana, 1985.

Bludd, Ellen Kathrine. “Why Does the Humpback Whale Migrate?” Accessed September 9, 2022. https://sciencenorway.no/forskningno-natural-sciences-norway/why-does-the-humpback-whale-migrate/1553864.

Bodansky, Danial. The Art and Craft of International Environmental Law. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011.

Fitzmaurice, Malgosia. Whaling and International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Gogarty, Brenden, and Peter Lawrence. “The Icj Whaling Case: Missed Opportunity to Advance the Rule of Law in Resolving Science Related Disputes in Global Commons?” Heidelberg Journal of International Law 77 (2017): 161-197.

Gogarty, Brenden, and Peter Lawrence. “The Icj Whaling Case: Science, Transparency and the Rule of Law.” Journal of Law, Information & Science Information and Science 23, no. 2 (2014/2015): 134-160.

Goodwin, Edward J. “Threatened Species and Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems in the Oxford Handbook of the Law of the Sea.” Edited by Donald R Rothwell, Alex G Oude Elferink, Karen N Scott, and Tim Stephens. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

International Whaling Commission. “Commercial Whaling.” Accessed October 4, 2022. https://iwc.int/commercial.

Klabbers, Jan. International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Kobayashi, Lisa. “Lifting the International Whaling Commission’s Moratorium on Commercial Whaling as the Most Effective Global Regulation of Whaling.” Environs: Environmental Law and Policy Journal 29, no. 2 (2006): 177-220.

Koivurova, Timo. Introduction to International Environmental Law. Oxon: Routledge, 2013.

Kumpang Lommueang. “Issues for Consideration Regarding Thailand’s Becoming a State Party to the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling.” Master’s thesis, Faculty of Law Thammasart University, 2019. [In Thai]

Kumpang Lommueang. “Issues for Consideration Regarding Thailand’s Becoming a State Party to the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling.” LawTSU Journal 9, no. 11 (2021): 91-120. [In Thai]

Patricia, Birnie, Boyle Alan, and Redgwel Catherine. International Law and the Environment. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009.

Tollis, Marc, Jooke Robbins, Andrew E Webb, Lukas F K Kuderna, Aleah F Caulin, Jacinda D Garcia, Martine Bèrubè, Nader Pourmand, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Mary J O’Connell, Per J Palsbøll, and Carlo C Maley. “Return to the Sea, Get Huge, Beat Cancer: An Analysis of Cetacean Genomes Including an Assembly for the Humpback Whale (Megaptera Novaeangliae).” Molecular Biology and Evolution 36, no. 8 (2019): 1746–1763.

Tonnessen, Johan Nicoley, and Arne Odd Johnsen. The History of Modern Whaling. Translated by R.I. Christophersen. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1982. Fitzmaurice, Malgosia. Whaling and International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Quoted in Fitzmaurice, Malgosia. Whaling and International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Ulrich, Beyerlin, and Marauhn Thilo. International Environmental Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2011.

United Nations Environment Programme. “Study of the Relationship between the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea with Regard to the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources on the Deep Seabed,” Unep/Cbd/Sbstta/8/Inf/3/Rev.1, 22 February 2003, Para 47.” Accessed February 18, 2022. https://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/sbstta/sbstta-08/information/sbstta-08-inf-03-rev1-en.doc.

Whaling in the Antarctic Case judgement. “Judge Mohamed Bennouna, Dissenting Opinion 344.” Accessed February 18, 2023. https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/148/148-20140331-JUD-01-04-EN.pdf.