A Development of the Instructional Model for Analytical Thinking Skills Development of the Elementary School Students: A Case of Khaothong School, Phayuha Khiri District, Nakhon Sawan Province

Abstract

The objectives of this research and development were 1) to study basic information for analytical thinking skills development of the elementary school students, 2) to construct and develop the instructional model for analytical thinking skills development of the elementary school students, 3) to try this instructional model for analytical thinking skills development of the elementary school students, and 4) to evaluate the instructional model for analytical thinking skills development of the elementary school students. The research method was a combination of both quantitative and qualitative. The samples in this research were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 30 students in Prathomsuksa 6 of semester 1, academic year 2014 of Khaothong School, Nakhon Sawan Province selected by purposive sampling. The second group were people involved in provision of basic information included nine director, teachers and leaders of the learning area, 15 Basic School Board of Khaothong School, and five representatives of the parent network. The research instruments consisted of 1) the questionnaire about teaching and learning to develop critical thinking skills, 2) in-depth interviews with teachers and students, 3) the focus group students, teachers, school board and parents, 4) The form of teaching to develop critical thinking skills of students, 5) lesson plans, 6) the analytical thinking skill test procedure consisting of analysis of elements, analysis of relationship and analysis of sequel, and 7) the satisfaction rating of students toward the instructional model.

The results of this research were as follows:

1. The basic information of the teaching for analytical thinking skills were 1) students lacked of learning skill, concepts and analytical thinking skills, 2) most of teachers used traditional teaching approaches, focus on the contents, memorization, lectures and take notes, taught in the classroom, and 3) there were no instructional model, learning activities weren’t emphasized on analytical thinking skills for the students.


2. The instructional model for analytical thinking skills development of the elementary school students developed consists of the following:

2.1 The four key elements: 1) Principles, 2) Objectives, 3) Learning Management Process, and 4) Measurement.

2.2 The learning process for analytical thinking skills development of the   elementary school students containing 5 steps: 1) Preparation (P), 2) Situation (S), 3) Practice of critical thinking (P), 4) Presentation and discussion (P), and 5) Evaluation (E) which has been called PSPPE model. The PSPPE model developed was suitable and congruent at the high level (3.75 ± 0.21).

1. The result of the implementation of the instructional model for analytical thinking skills development of the elementary school students found that the students’ ability to think critically in the experimental group after learning by the instructional model was higher than average of before learning scores with statistical significance at the .05 level.


2. The efficiency of the instructional model for analytical thinking skills development of the elementary school students was 91.67/80.44. The students in the experimental group were most satisfied with the model (4.83 ± 0.33).