“Khon Chiang Khong” Local Curriculum and Extending the Boundary of Citizenship in Border
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This study aimed to investigate and analyze whether citizenship advocacy existed within the local curriculum of a school in Thailand – Lao PDR border, Chiang Khong District, Chiang Rai Province. The researcher selected the Koraratwittaya School (pseudonym), Chiang Khong District, Chiang Rai Province as a research study and applied qualitative data collection and analysis methods. The data was obtained from 1) documentation; the local curriculum of “Khon Chiang Khong,” also known as the indigenous Chiang Khong people and 2) field research; observations and semi-structured interviews. I also used a purposive sampling technique to select key informants as follows: three teachers, with one representative from the Civil Society Organization (CSO), and nine students. The data collection was from October 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020. The researcher applied the theory of cultural citizenship by Renato Rosaldo (1994) as a conceptual lens to analyze. I uncovered that the “Khon Chiang Khong” local curriculum epitomized the ideology of citizenship as the people of Chiang Khong” or “Khon Chiang Khong,” which means the Chiang Khong native people. They together possessed their sense of membership to the local culture on the basis of human interaction, natural resources, and the superstition regarding the Khong River. This corresponded to curriculum practices that emphasized flexibility of curriculum, approaches, and diverse locations as well as teachers’ reproduction of ideologies. In the interim, the curriculum created space and empowered students to perceive themselves as the multicultural citizens. They also regarded themselves as the members who developed a collective consciousness in the local community or village and retained their ethnicity, kinship, and the identity of “Khon Chiang Khong.” Nonetheless, the practices of the local curriculum were still facing a challenge with the school culture that was often tied to the ideology of state citizenship.
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