Sign Language, Dharma Language : Learning the Buddhist Way of Life for the Hearing Disabled

Abstract

Research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative research with participatory action research, to develop a body of knowledge and create a model of “Dhamma Sign Language” grounded in Buddhist principles for daily living, specifically tailored for Thai persons with disabilities, focusing on those with hearing or communication impairments. The objectives of the study were: (1) to investigate the current issues related to the perception, knowledge, and understanding of Buddhist principles for living among persons with hearing impairments; (2) to develop a learning model for these individuals to access and internalize such principles; and (3) to propose a sign language learning model for Dhamma communication that is appropriate for the hearing-impaired community. The research was conducted using purposive sampling of key informants, including representatives from the Deaf Association of Thailand, Thai Sign Language interpreters from the Thai Interpreters Association, representatives from the Association of Persons with Disabilities of All Types in Thailand, and officials from the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities. In-depth interviews and participatory activities were used as the primary methods of data collection.

The research findings revealed that individuals with hearing or communication impairments face significant limitations in perceiving and learning from societal information. Their ability to learn effectively is largely dependent on the presence of sign language interpreters. It was found that although there are over 200,000 legally registered individuals with hearing impairments in Thailand, only a few tens of thousands are proficient in sign language. This is a critical issue, compounded by the insufficient number of sign language interpreters, which leads to inadequate service coverage. Specifically, in the context of Buddhist teachings, there is a lack of interpreters capable of conveying Dhamma concepts in sign language. Furthermore, relevant government and private sector agencies responsible for supporting persons with disabilities must prioritize the training and production of an adequate number of qualified sign language interpreters. It is also imperative to promote sign language education among persons with disabilities by ensuring their access to formal education systems. Additionally, digital media and Dhamma-related content should be developed and interpreted into sign language, and disseminated through modern social media platforms to ensure broad accessibility and practical use for all.