Casinos and Sustainability in the Recreational Context: Lessons from Foreign Countries to the Thai Perspective

Abstract

        The development of casinos as sustainable recreational spaces has attracted considerable attention internationally, particularly in the form of entertainment complexes that integrate gambling, tourism, and recreational activities in a systematic manner. Case studies from Macau and Singapore, along with countries in the region with socio-cultural contexts similar to Thailand—such as Malaysia, Cambodia, and Laos—demonstrate the potential to generate substantial revenue, enhance the tourism industry, and support development that balances economic, social, and environmental dimensions. In Thailand, the promotion of entertainment complex initiatives that incorporate casinos reflects a policy shift recognizing recreational activities as drivers of economic value and as responses to the evolving demands of modern consumers. However, these initiatives face significant challenges in achieving public acceptance within Thai society, which remains closely tied to moral values rooted in Buddhism and thereby influences societal attitudes toward gambling-related activities. This article aims to examine the role of casinos as recreational activities, analyze the factors contributing to success and failure, assess Thailand’s readiness, and propose development approaches consistent with the concept of sustainable development, drawing upon the aforementioned case studies as a basis for analysis.
        The findings show that successful models have strong rules, good tourism facilities, well-planned layouts, and support for cultural activities that represent local identity. In contrast, failures in certain countries stem from inadequate oversight, excessive dependence on foreign investors, and insufficient attention to complex social impacts. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the need to implement measures to mitigate adverse consequences such as gambling addiction, money laundering, and crime, while also fostering community participation and integrating Thai cultural identity into casino development projects to ensure a sustainable balance among economic, social, and cultural dimensions in the future.