EFFICIENCY OF ECCLESIASTICAL ADMINISTRATION IN THE PROPAGATION OF BUDDHISM BY THE SANGHA IN SUKHOTHAI PROVINCE

บทคัดย่อ

Background and Objectives: The mission of disseminating Buddhism was a principal endeavor essential for upholding the religion's longevity amid the ever-changing society of that time.
The effectiveness of such initiatives depended on the systematic administration by the Sangha's executive monks, who served as leaders in monastic governance. The objective of this research was to study the efficiency of Sangha administration in propagating Buddhism by monastic administrators in Sukhothai Province. It primarily aimed to examine the efficiency level and challenges in the administration of Buddhist propagation activities. It also sought to identify the factors that influenced the efficiency of monastic administration in this area and to propose guidelines for enhancing such administrative efficiency among monastic leaders in Sukhothai Province.

Methodology: This study employed a mixed-methods research design that combined both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The population of interest consisted of 331 monks, from whom quantitative data were collected using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using statistical methods, including descriptive statistics such as means and standard deviations,
as well as multiple linear regression analysis for inferential purposes. In addition, qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 32 key informants, who were selected using purposive sampling.

Main Results: The research findings revealed that: 1) The overall level of effectiveness and challenges in the administration of Buddhist propagation by ecclesiastical leaders was rated at the highest level ( = 4.85); 2) Three variables were found to significantly influence the effectiveness of administration in Buddhist propagation activities (y), with statistical significance at the .01 level. These variables, ranked in order of their impact, were: Dana (Generosity), Samanattata (Equality or Impartiality), and Piyavaca (Kind Speech); and 3) Three key strategies were identified for enhancing the effectiveness of the administration of Buddhist propagation: Public accessibility, public participation, and the development of public knowledge.

Involvement to Buddhadhamma: This finding was consistent with the framework of the Applied Buddhism Group, which emphasizes integrating Buddhist teachings with contemporary knowledge and employing research on religious principles from new perspectives. In particular, the emphasis on applying the Four Principles of Sangahavatthu (Bases of Social Solidarity) to enhance Sangha administration is well-founded. These principles, taught by the Buddha, are essential for fostering harmony, cooperation, and effective leadership within the monastic community and beyond. Ecclesiastical leaders can implement each principle to maximize administrative effectiveness as follows: 1) Dana (Generosity) - Material and Spiritual Sharing: In addition to material support, Sangha leaders should provide Dhamma guidance, education, and mentorship to junior monastics and lay devotees. Resource Management: Equitable distribution of resources (Food, Robes, Shelter, and Educational Materials) ensures no member is neglected. Selflessness in Service: Leaders should prioritize the welfare of the Sangha over personal interests, embodying the spirit of Dānaparamī (Perfection of Giving); and 2) Piyavācā (Kind Speech) - Encouraging and Harmonious Communication: Leaders should employ gentle, respectful, and uplifting words to resolve conflicts and inspire unity. Constructive Feedback: Instead of harsh criticism, wise and compassionate counsel helps monastics correct mistakes without resentment. Dhamma-Based Motivation: Regularly sharing inspiring teachings reinforces communal purpose and moral discipline (Vinaya).

Conclusions: The administration of Buddhist propagation activities in Sukhothai should consistently apply the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle, emphasizing public accessibility and participation, as well as the development of moral and ethical knowledge among the people. This aligns with the "Baworn" model, which highlights the integrated roles of temples, communities, and schools in promoting a virtuous and moral society.