Fabrication of emerald green glass from Krabi sand
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Abstract
The possibility to use sea sand in Koh Poda, Krabi Province as raw material for fabricating synthetic glass jewelry was conducted in cooperation between municipal administration of Krabi and Glass Technology Excellent Center (GTEC), Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchthani university. Firstly, composition analysis by EDS technique showed that the main constituent of Krabi sand was silica with the existence of low alumina impurity. This low impurity sand was then used to fabricate green emerald glass in system of (52-x)KS-17Na2O-4Al2O3-6CaO-7K2O-xCr2O3, where KS stands for Krabi sand and x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 and 0.70 wt%. The Cr2O3 was added as a green-coloring agent and its effects on glass properties were evaluated. Many properties of the glass samples were then studied. The glass samples showed that an addition of Cr2O3 turned white clear glass to emerald green color and with increasing Cr2O3 content, the green color became darker. The density and molar volume of the glass sample were found to varied with Cr2O3 content. The reflection index of the glass sample was found to be 9-20% lower than that of natural emerald jewelry. Absorption spectra of the glass samples was used to calculate their band gaps and it was found to reduce from 2.66 to 2.31 eV with increasing Cr2O3 content. By means of these calculated band gap, the glass samples were insulator. By using ultrasonic technique, a decrease of longitudinal modulus with increasing Cr2O3 content was observed. In addition, their Vicker microhardness varied with Cr2O3 content. The changes of glass properties could be explained by a breakdown of the network structure due to a substitution of larger and heavier chromium ions for silicon-network forming ions. The results report here show that Krabi sand can be used as raw material for fabricating green glass that look like natural emerald jewelry. Moreover, this glass system can be a potential material for making glass beads.
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