Wildlife Trafficking in Thailand: Law Enforcement Problems and Challenges
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Even though wildlife trafficking has been an alarming environmental crime in Thailand for decades, there are only few studies on this issue. This article aims to present the ineffectiveness of law enforcement against wildlife trafficking due to the lack of knowledge and skills on law enforcement, suppression, evidence collection and inadequate legal literacy on wildlife trafficking. Furthermore, there are corruption, the lack of budget on suppression, overlapping job responsibilities among officers, indifferent attitudes towards wildlife trafficking, and powerful figures behind the wildlife trafficking organizations which allow this crime to prosper in Thailand. Apart from these, Thailand’s geographical characteristics also facilitate wildlife traffickers to transport wild animals conveniently. Most importantly, there are still high demand and supply in the wildlife markets, which forces Thailand to inevitably face with the concern. Therefore, it is necessary for all sectors in Thailand to collaboratively prevent and suppress wildlife trafficking altogether.
Article Details
Published Manuscripts are the copyright of the Journal of the Justice System. However; the opinions that appeared in the content are the sole responsibility of the author.
References
กรมอุทยานแห่งชาติ สัตว์ป่า และพันธุ์พืช. (2562). สถิติคดีเกี่ยวกับสัตว์ป่าตามพระราชบัญญัติสงวนและคุ้มครองสัตว์ป่า พ.ศ. 2535 ระหว่างปีงบประมาณ 2552-2562. กรุงเทพฯ: ผู้แต่ง.
จำลอง โพธิ์บุญ. (2551). องค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นกับการจัดการสิ่งแวดล้อมที่ดี: ศึกษากรณีเทศบาลนครพิษณุโลก. วารสารร่มพฤกษ์, 26(3), 1-39.
สมาคมศิษย์เก่าวนศาสตร์. (2550). ASEANWEN เครือข่ายความร่วมมือของอาเซียนเพื่อการป้องกันและปราบปรามการค้าสัตว์ป่าข้ามชาติที่ผิดกฎหมาย. วารสารสมาคมศิษย์เก่าวนศาสตร์, 5(1), 53-56.
สำนักงานคณะกรรมการสิ่งแวดล้อมแห่งชาติ. (2533). ชีวิตที่เกิดอยู่ในป่า. กรุงเทพฯ: กระทรวงวิทยาศาสตร์ เทคโนโลยีและสารสนเทศ.
Chaiakaraphong, N. (2019). Environmental crime: A case study of wildlife trafficking in Thailand. Ph.D.’s Thesis, Criminology, Justice Administration and Society. Mahidol University.
Hass, A., Moloney, C., & Chambliss, W. (2016). Criminology: Connecting Theory, Research and Practice (2 nd Ed.). New York: Routledge.
Ibanga, D. A. (2017). Patterns, trends, and issues of illicit wildlife hunting and trade: Analysis based on African environmental ethics. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 6(11), 1865-1890.
Nijman, V., & Shepherd, C. (2015). Ongoing trade in illegally-sourced tortoises and freshwater turtles highlights the need for legal reform in Thailand. The Siam Society, 61(1), 3-6.
Pires, S. F. (2015). Introduction: Wildlife Crime. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 21, 299-302.
Shepherd, C. R., Sukumaran, J., & Wich, S. A. (2004). Open session: An analysis of the pet trade in Medan, Sumatra 1997-2001. Malaysia: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2010). The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment. Vienna: Author.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2012). Wildlife and Forest Crime Analytic Toolkit. New York: Author.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2013). Transnational Organized Crime in East Asia and the Pacific: A Threat Assessment. Bangkok: Author.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2017). Criminal justice response to wildlife crime in Thailand: A Rapid Assessment. Bangkok: Author.
United Nations on Economic and Social Council. (2002). Report of the Secretary-General “Progress made in the implementation of Economic and Social Council resolution 2001/12 on illicit trafficking in protected species of wild flora and fauna". Vienna: Author.
Warchol, G. L. (2004). The Transnational Illegal Wildlife Trade. Criminal Justice Studies: A Critical Journal of Crime, Law and Society, 17(1), 57-73.
World Wildlife Fund Thailand. (2001). World wildlife fund Thailand. Bangkok: Author.
Zimmerman, M. E. (2003). Black Market for Wildlife: Combating Transnational Organized Crime in the Illegal Wildlife. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 36, 1657-1690.