Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology: Negative Impacts on Fundamental Rights Protected by International Human Rights Law

บทคัดย่อ

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly embedded in everyday life across diverse domains, including chatbots, credit scoring, image and video generation and graphic design, AI robotic surgery, and more. Although AI is considered as a technology that improves human efficiency and convenience in many aspects, the negative impacts that may arise from its use can also lead to various problems. Therefore, the purposes of this research are to (1) examine how AI can produce negative effects by its operation, leading to the erosion of data protection and privacy, generating bias and discrimination, and reducing transparency in operational mechanisms; and (2) demonstrate how the use of AI technology can lead to violations of five international human rights laws that guarantee fundamental rights; The analysis draws on materials collected during 2024 through the end of February 2025. The findings indicate that the use of AI can adversely affect fundamental rights in multiple everyday contexts. The study categorizes these impacts into six areas: (1) online service platforms usage; (2) transportation and logistics; (3) financial services; (4) education and human resources; (5) healthcare; and (6) law enforcement by state officials. The study also highlights recent policy and legal developments in the European Union, particularly the EU AI Act (2024), as a rights-oriented regulatory framework that sets baseline conditions and requirements intended to mitigate negative effects on fundamental rights arising from AI deployment.