Promoting EFL First-Year Students’ Autonomy Through Consultation Services
Main Article Content
Abstract
In English Language Teaching (ELT), consultation sessions are essential and complementary elements in enabling learners to improve their English proficiency as well as to regulate their self-directed skills. The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) identify the students’ perceptions of their English skills and consulting needs, (2) explore whether consultation sessions can foster autonomy, and (3) investigate their opinions regarding the consultation sessions. Based on a convenience sampling method, data from 417 first-year students regarding language needs analysis and consulting needs were analyzed through descriptive statistics. From these results, one-on-one consultation sessions were initiated and implemented with a small number of students who volunteered to participate as advisees. Towards the end of the consultation sessions, student pre-and post- self-evaluation scores were analyzed. The findings suggest that consultation sessions yield positive results in improving students’ self-directed learning skills which has the potential to enhance learner autonomy. The students also find the consultation sessions helpful and contribute to the success of their learning English.
Article Details
References
Anas, I., Amansyah, F., Musdariah, A., & Irmawati (2020). Technological
and pedagogical considerations in supporting electronic self-access language learning (e-SALL): In-person learning practice in the time of crisis. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 11(3), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.37237/110303
Baker, W. (2008). A critical examination of ELT in Thailand: The role of
cultural awareness. RELC, 39(1), 131-146.
Benson, P. (2003). Learner autonomy in the classroom. In D. Nunan (Ed.),
Practical language teaching (pp. 298-308). McGraw Hill.
Benson, P. (2011). Teaching and researching autonomy (2nd ed.). Pearson
Education.
Benson, P. (2016). Language learner autonomy: Exploring teachers’
perspectives on theory and practice. In R. Barnard & J. Li (Eds.), Language learner autonomy: Teachers’ beliefs and practices in Asian contexts (pp. xxxiii- xliii). IDP Education (Cambodia) Ltd.
Brindley, G. (1984). Needs analysis and objective setting in the adult
migrant education program. AMES.
Choi, J. (2012). Self-access English learning needs: Student and teacher
perspectives. International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-
Management and e-Learning, 2(5), 389-396.
Dickinson, L. (1987). Self-instruction in language learning. Cambridge
University Press.
EduBright Resources. (2021). The National scheme of education B.E.
-2579 (2017-2036). https://edubrights.com/resource/2018/11/27/the-national-scheme-of-education-b-e-2560-2579-2017-2036/
EF EPI. (2021). The world’s largest ranking of countries and
regions by English skills. https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/
Gremmo, M., & Riley, P. (1995). Autonomy, self-direction and self-access
in language teaching and learning: The history of an idea. System, 23(2), 151-164.
Guban-Caisido, D. (2020). Language advising as psychosocial intervention
for first time self-access language learners in the time of COVID-19: Lessons from the Philippines. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 11(3), 148–163. https://doi.org/10.37237/110305
Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy and foreign language learning. Pergamon
Press.
Holzweber, A. (2019). Self-directed-learning and e-learning as triggers for
higher student motivation in EFL courses in tertiary education. education. Journal of Applied Languages and Linguistics,3(3), 68-79. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344441176
Kaewpet, C. (2009). A framework for investigating learner needs: Needs
analysis extended to curriculum development. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 6(2), 209-220.
Karlsson, L., Kjisik, F., & Nordlund, J. (2007). Language counselling: A
critical and integral component in promoting an autonomous community of learning. System, 35, 46-65. https://doi:10.1016/j.system.2006.10.006
Knowles, M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning. The Adult Education Comp.
Little, D. (1991). Learner autonomy: Definitions, issues and problems.
Authentik.
Loyens, S., Magda, J., & Rikers, R. (2008). Self-directed learning in
problem-based learning and its relationships with self-regulated learning. Educational Psychology Review, 20, 411–427.
LSU online. (2020, May 1) What is student development theory?
Understanding how college affects students. LSU online & Continuing Education. https://online.lsu.edu/newsroom/articles/what-student-development-theory-understanding-how-college-affects-students/
Mackenzie, A. S. (2002). EFL curriculum reform in Thailand. Proceedings
of the 1st annual JALT Pan-SIG conference on curriculum
innovation, testing and evaluation. Kyoto Institute of Technology. http://jalt.org/pansig/2002/HTML/Mackenzie1.htm
Mozzon-McPherson, M. (2007). Supporting independent learning
environments: An analysis of structures and roles of language learning advisers. System, 35(1), 66-92.
https:// doi:10.1016/j.system.2006.10.008
Mynard, J. (2019). Perspectives on self-access in Japan: Are we simply
catching up with the rest of the world? Mélanges CRAPEL, 40,13-27.
Mynard, J., & Carson, L. (2012). Advising in language learning: Dialogue,
tools and context. Routledge.
Nakata, Y. (2014). Self-regulation: Why is it important for promoting
learner autonomy in the school context? Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 5(4), 342-356.
Nunan, D. (1999). Second language teaching & learning. Heinle & Heinle
Publishers.
Oates, S. (2019). The importance of autonomous, self-regulated learning
in primary initial teacher training. Frontiers in Education. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00102
Pargett, K. K. (2011). The effects of academic advising on college student
development in higher education [Master's thesis, University of Nebraska-Lincoln]. Nebraska. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsedaddiss/81/
Piamsai, C. (2017). An investigation of Thai learners’ needs of English
language use for intensive English course development. Pasaa Paritat Journal, 32, 63-97.
Prachanant, N. (2012). Needs analysis on English language use in tourism
industry. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 66, 117-125.
Reinders, H. (2007a). Big brother is helping you: Supporting self-access
language learning with a student monitoring system. System, 35, 93-111.
Reinders, H. (2007b). University language advising: Is it useful?
Reflections on English Language Teaching, 5(1), 79-92.
Reinders, H. (2008a). Do advisory sessions encourage independent
learning? rEFLections, 11, 1-7.
Reinders, H. (2008b). The what, why, and how of language advising,
MEXTESOL Journal, 32(2), 13-22.
Rubin, J. (2007). Introduction to special issue: Language counselling.
System, 35, 1-9.
Sadeghi, B., Hassani, M. T., & Hessari, A. D. (2014). On the relationship
between learners’ needs and their use of language learning strategies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136, 255-259.
Saks, K., & Leijen, Ä. (2014). Distinguishing self-directed and self-
regulated learning and measuring them in the e-learning context,
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, 190 – 198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1155
Salvia, O.S. (2000). Integrating a self-access system in a language learning
situation: A model for implementation. Links & Letters, 7, 95-109.
Schraw, G., Kauffman, D., & Lehman, S. (2006). Self-regulated
learning. In L. Nadel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science.
Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470018860.s00671 (Original work published 2002)
Sheerin, S. (1991). Self-access: State-of-the-art article. Language
Teaching, 24(3), 143-157.
Smith, R. (2008). Learner autonomy. ELT Journal, 2(4), 395-397.
Stickler, U. (2001). Using counselling skills for advising. In M. Mozzon-
McPherson and R. Vismans (Eds.), Beyond language teaching
towards language advising (pp. 40-52). CILT Publications.
Sturtridge, G. (1992). Self-access preparation and training. The British
Council.
Tangkijmongkol, C., & Wasanasomsithi, P. (2013). An analysis of English
language learning needs and problems of underprivileged children in a slum area in Bangkok metropolis. PASAA, 46, 11-45.
Ürün, M. F., & Yarar, G. (2015, September 8). A study on needs analysis in
English language teaching [Conference session]. ECER 2015. https://eera-ecer.de/ecer-programmes/conference/20/contribution/33735/
Uzun, T. (2014). Learning styles of independent learning centre users.
Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 5(3), 246–264. http://sisaljournal.org/archives/sep14/uzun
Uzun, T., & Guven-Yalcin, G. (2021). The digitalization of self-access and
advising services in times of a global pandemic. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 12(3), 248-265. https://doi.org/10.37237/120305
Victori, M. (2007). The development of learners’ support mechanisms in
a self-access center and their implementation in a credit-based self-directed learning program. System, 35, 10-31.
Voller, P. (1998). One to one consultations. The University of Hong Kong.
Wang, W., & Zhan, J. (2020). The relationship between English language
learner characteristics and online self-regulation: A structural equation modeling approach. Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12073009
Wiriyachitra, A. (2002). English language teaching and learning in
Thailand in this decade. Thai TESOL Focus, 15(1), 4-9.
Zewary, M. S. (2020). The effects of academic advising on juniors and
seniors of English Department at Balkh University, European Journal of Education, 3(3), 126-133. https://doi: 10.26417/899lxr45v
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive
perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–39). Academic Press.
Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of self-
regulation of learning and performance. Routledge.
Zumbrunn, S., Tadlock, J., & Roberts, E. D. (2011). Encouraging self-
regulated learning in the classroom: A review of the literature. Metropolitan Educational Research Consortium (MERC), Virginia Commonwealth University.