The Effects of Peer Feedback and Self-Regulated Learning on Thai EFL Students’ Writing Ability and Self-Regulation

Main Article Content

Jantra Prompan
Chatraporn Piamsai

Abstract

Conceptualized in formative assessment and sociocognitive theory, peer feedback and self-regulated learning (SRL) instruction were used in this mixed-method study to investigate their effects on Thai EFL university students’ essay writing ability and their self-regulation. During the 12-week online instruction period, 35 third-year students majoring in Business English at a public university were taught essay writing using the integration of peer feedback activities and SRL. An essay writing test, a self-regulation questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Findings revealed that students’ essay writing ability and self-regulation had significantly improved after the intervention. Our findings shed light on the feasibility and necessity incorporating the interdisciplinary dimensions of education such as instruction, assessment, and social-cognitive theory, in enhancing learners’ academic performance and their lifelong learning strategies. Our findings also suggest that students can be trained in peer feedback and SRL strategies via online platforms, which has implications for the continuing tendency towards online instruction in the post-pandemic era. Pedagogical implications are also provided to help teachers improve their students’ writing performance and self-regulation.

Article Details

How to Cite
Prompan, J. ., & Piamsai, C. . (2024). The Effects of Peer Feedback and Self-Regulated Learning on Thai EFL Students’ Writing Ability and Self-Regulation. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 17(1), 100–132. Retrieved from https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/LEARN/article/view/270378
Section
Research Articles
Author Biographies

Jantra Prompan, English as an International Language, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University

A Ph.D. candidate at the English as an International Language (EIL) program, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Chatraporn Piamsai, Chulalongkorn University Language Institute, Chulalongkorn University

An Assistant Professor and a full-time lecturer at Chulalongkorn University Language Institute and the English as an International Language (EIL) program, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

References

Abas, I. H., & Aziz, N. H. (2016, October 25-27). Classification of

L2 writing process and writing strategies [Paper presentation]. International Seminar on Generating Knowledge through Research, UUM-UMSIDA, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia. http://ojs.umsida.ac.id/index.php/icecrs

Akhmedjanova, D., & Moeyaert, M. (2022). Self-regulated writing of English learners: Intervention development. Frontiers in Education, 7, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.841395

Andrade, M. S., & Evans, N. W. (2013). Principles and practices for response in second language writing: Developing self-regulated learners. Applied Linguistics, 35(2), 234–237. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amu005

Bakry, M. S., & Alsamadani, H. A. (2015). Improving the persuasive essay writing of students of Arabic as a Foreign Language (AFL): Effects of self-regulated strategy development. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 182, 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.742

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundation of thought and action. Prentice

Hall Regents.

Barkaoui, K. (2011). Effects of marking method and rater experience on ESL essay scores and rater performance. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 18, 279-293. doi:10.1080/0969594X.2010.526585

Beltran, M., Chen, P., & Guzman, N. (2018). Negotiating peer feedback as a reciprocal learning tool for adolescent multilingual learners. Writing & Pedagogy, 10, 1-29. 10.1558/wap.29647

Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2010). Inside the black box: Raising standards through classroom assessment. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172171009200119

Bolourchi, A., & Soleimani, M. (2021). The impact of peer feedback on EFL learners’ writing performance and writing anxiety. International Journal of Research in English Education, 6(1), 1-15. https://ijreeonline.com/article-1-425-en.html

Cheng, K. H., Liang, J. C., & Tsai, C. C. (2015). Examining the role of feedback messages in undergraduate students’ writing performance during an online peer assessment activity. The Internet and Higher Education, 25, 78-84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.02.001

Cho, K., & MacArthur, C. (2010). Student revision with peer and expert reviewing. Learning and Instruction, 20(4), 328–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2009.08.006

Coe, M., Hanita, M., Nishioka, V., & Smiley, R. (2011). An investigation of the impact of the 6+1 trait writing model on grade 5 student writing achievement (NCEE 2012–4010). National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance. https://shorturl.asia/LVn3W

Dan, T. C., Duc, V. M., & Chau, P. T. H. (2017). An investigation into common mistakes in paragraph writing of the first-year English-majored students: A case study in Can Tho University, Vietnam. Journal of Education Naresuan University, 19(4), 308-330. https://shorturl.asia/NKjil

Double, K. S., McGrane, J. A., & Hopfenbeck, T. N. (2020). The impact of peer assessment on academic performance: A meta-analysis of control group studies. Educational Psychology Review, 32(2), 481-509. doi:10.1007/s10648-019-09510-3

Earl, L. M. (2003). Assessment as learning: Using classroom assessment to

maximize student learning. Corwin Press, Inc.

Falchikov, N. (2005). Improving assessment through student involvement: Practical solution for aiding learning in higher and further education. Routledge Falmer.

Ferris, D. (2002). Treatment of error in second language student writing.

Bibliovault OAI Repository, the University of Chicago Press.

Gielen, M., & De Wever, B. (2015). Structuring peer assessment: Comparing the impact of the degree of structure on peer feedback content. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 315-325. 10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.019

Gielen, S., Peeters, E., Dochy, F., Onghena, P., & Struyven, K. (2010). Improving the effectiveness of peer feedback for learning. Learning and Instruction, 20(4), 304-315. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2009.08.007

Gustilo, L., & Magno, C. (2015). Explaining L2 performance through a chain of predictors: A SEM approach. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 21(2), 115-130. https://bit.ly/3Kied7N

Habok, A., & Magyar, A. (2018). Validation of a self-regulated foreign language learning strategy questionnaire through multidimensional modelling. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01388

He, L., & Shi, L. (2012). Topical knowledge and ESL writing.

Language Testing, 29(3), 443-464. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532212436659

Hyland, F. (2003). Focusing on form: Student engagement with teacher feedback. System, 31(2), 217-230. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(03)00021-6

Hyland, K., & Hyland, F. (2019). Feedback in second language writing: Contexts and issues (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Jurkowski, S. (2018). Do question prompts support students in working with peer feedback? International Journal of Educational Research, 92, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.07.003

Khongrod, K. (2017). An analysis of lexical errors in English academic writing of Thai undergraduates [Unpublished master’s thesis]. SilpakornUniversity.

Khumphee, S., & Yodkamlue, B. (2017). Grammatical errors in English essays written by Thai EFL undergraduate students. Journal of Education, Mahasarakham University, 11(4), 139-154. https://shorturl.asia/5pfxW

Köksal, D., & Dündar, S. (2017). Developing a scale for self-regulated L2 learning strategy use. Journal of Education, 33(2), 1-16. doi: 10.16986/HUJE.2017033805

Kollar, I., & Fischer, F. (2010). Peer assessment as collaborative learning: A cognitive perspective. Learning and Instruction, 20(4), 344-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2009.08.005

Kulprasit, W., & Chiramanee, T. (2013). Using journal writing with peer feedback to enhance EFL students’ writing ability across proficiency level. PASAA, 45, 91-112.

Kulsirisawad, P. (2012, November 19-20). Developing learner autonomy in EFL writing classrooms via peer feedback [Paper presentation]. CULI National Seminar 2012: Balancing Globalization and Localization in ELT, Bangkok, Thailand.

Kunwongse, S. (2013). Peer feedback, benefits and drawbacks. Thammasat Review, 16(3), 277–288. https://sc01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/tureview/article/view/40748

Kuyyogsuy, S. (2019). Promoting peer feedback in developing students’ English writing ability in L2 writing class. International Education Studies, 12(9), 76-90. doi:10.5539/ies.v12n9p76

Lam, R. (2010). A peer review training workshop: Coaching students to give and evaluate peer feedback. TESL Canada Journal, 27(2), 114-127. https://bit.ly/3FtkiN1

Lee, M. (2015). Peer feedback in second language writing: Investigating junior secondary students’ perspectives on inter-feedback and intra-feedback. System, 55, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2015.08.003

Li, L., Liu, X., & Steckelberg, A. L. (2010). Assessor or assessee: How student learning improves by giving and receiving peer feedback. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(3), 525-536. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00968.x

Lin, W. C., & Yang, S. C. (2011). Exploring students’ perceptions of integrating Wikitechnology and peer feedback into English writing courses. English Teaching, 10(2), 88–103. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ944900.pdf

Liu, E. Z. F., Lin, S. S., Chiu, C. H., & Yuan, S. M. (2001). Web-based peer review: The learner as both adapter and reviewer. IEEE Transactions on Education, 44(3), 246-251. doi:10.1109/13.940995

Liu, J., & Hansen, J. G. (2002). Peer response in second language writing class. University of Michigan Press.

Lundstrom, K., & Baker, W. (2009). To give is better than to receive: The benefits of peer review to the reviewer’s own writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 18(1), 30-43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2008.06.002

Min, H. T. (2005). Training students to become successful peer reviewers. System, 33(2), 293–308. DOI:10.1016/J.SYSTEM.2004.11.003

Min, H. T. (2016). Effect of teacher modeling and feedback on EFL students’ peer review skills in peer review training. Journal of Second Language Writing, 31, 43–57. https://daneshyari.com/article/preview/363938.pdf

Moussaoui, S. (2012). An investigation of the effects of peer evaluation in enhancing Algerian student’s writing autonomy and positive affect. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 1775-1784. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.127

Nguyen, T. H. (2022). The effects of peer feedback on EFL students’ writing performance. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, 6(2), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.52296/vje.2022.185

Nicol, D., Thomson, A., & Breslin, C. (2014). Rethinking feedback practices in higher education: A peer review perspective. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 39(1), 102-122. https://l2l.ie/documents/feedback.pdf

Nopmanotham, N. (2016). A study of writing strategies used by Thai EFL high school students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Thammasat University.

Oxford, R. (2011). Teaching and researching language learning strategies. Pearson Education Limited.

Paulus, T. M. (1999). The effect of peer and teacher feedback on student writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 8(3), 265-289.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1060-3743(99)80117-9

Peng, J. (2010). Peer assessment in an EFL context: Attitudes and correlations. In Selected Proceedings of the 2008 Second Language Research Forum, ed. Matthew T. Prior et al., 89-107. http://www.lingref.com/cpp/slrf/2008/paper2387.pdf

Pongsukvajchakul, P. (2021). Language learning strategies used in English writing by Thai undergraduate students. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 9(2), 54-59. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i2.3626

Puegphrom, P., & Chiramanee, T. (2011, April 2). The effectiveness of implementing peer assessment on students’ writing proficiency [Paper presentation]. The 3rd International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Prince of Songkla University.

Qi, D., & Lapkin, S. (2001). Exploring the role of noticing in a three-stage second language writing task. Journal of Second Language Writing, 10(4), 277-303. doi:10.1016/S1060-3743(01)00046-7

Rodsawang, S. S. (2017). Writing problems of EFL learners in higher education: A case study of The Far Eastern University. The Far Eastern University Academic Journal, 11(1), 268-284.

Samanian, S., & Roohani, A. (2018). Effects of self-regulatory strategy development on EFL learners’ descriptive writing and reflective thinking. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 6(1), 95-116. https://doi.org/10.30486/relp.2018.538782

Schmidt, R. (1990). The role of consciousness in second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 129-158. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/11.2.129

Sethuraman, M., & Radhakrishnan, G. (2020). Promoting cognitive strategies in second language writing. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 88, 105-120. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343500029_Promoting_Cognitive_Strategies_in_Second_Language_Writing

Shang, H. F. (2019). Exploring online peer feedback and automated corrective feedback on EFL writing performance. Interactive Learning Environments, 30(1), 1-13. doi:10.1080/10494820.2019.1629601

Simonsmeier, B. A., Peiffer, H., Flaig, M., & Schneider, M. (2020). Peer feedback improves students’ academic self‑concept in higher education. Research in Higher Education, 61, 706–724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-020-09591-y

Sotoudehnama, E., & Pilehvari, A. (2016). The impact of peer review on EFL learners’ writing proficiency: Global and local aspects. Porta Linguarum, 25, 35-47. doi:10.30827/Digibug.53887

Srichanyachon, N. (2012). An investigation of university EFL students’ attitudes toward peer and teacher feedback. Educational Research and Reviews, 7(26), 558-562. DOI: 10.5897/ERR12.060

Teng, L. S., & Zhang, L. J. (2016). A questionnaire-based validation of multidimensional models of self-regulated learning strategies. The Modern Language Journal, 100(3), 674-701. DOI: 10.1111/modl.12339

Teng, L. S., & Zhang, L. J. (2018). Effects of motivational regulation strategies on writing performance: A mediation model of self-regulated learning of writing in English as a second/foreign language. Metacognition Learning, 13(2), 213–240. DOI:10.1007/s11409-017-9171-4

Teng, L., & Zhang, L. J. (2020). Empowering learners in the second/foreign language classroom: Can self-regulated learning strategies-based writing instruction make a difference? Journal of Second Language Writing, 48, 1-14. doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2019.100701

Tillema, M. (2012). Writing in first and second language: Empirical studies on text quality and writing processes. LOT.

Topping, K. J. (2010). Peers as a source of formative assessment. In H. Andrade & G. Cizek (Eds.), Handbook of formative assessment (pp. 61-74). Routledge.

Truscott, J. (1996). The case against grammar correction in L2 writing classes. Language Learning, 46(2), 327-369. https://citly.me/idr6e

Vuogan, A., & Li, S. (2022). Examining the effectiveness of peer feedback in second language writing: A meta-analysis. TESOL Quarterly, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3178

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.

Weng, F., Ye, S. X., & Xue, W. (2023). The effects of peer feedback on L2 students’ writing motivation: An experimental study in China. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 32, 473-483. doi:10.1007/s40299-022-00669-y

Wiliam, D. (2014, April). Formative assessment and contingency in the regulation of learning processes [Paper presentation]. The Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Philadelphia, PA. https://bit.ly/3HvQznB

Xiao, Y., & Lucking, R. (2008). The impact of two types of peer assessment on students’ performance and satisfaction within a Wiki environment. Internet and Higher Education, 11, 186-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2008.06.005

Xu, J. (2021). Chinese university students’ l2 writing feedback orientation and self-regulated learning writing strategies in online teaching during COVID-19. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 30(6), 563-574. doi:10.1007/s40299-021-00586-6

Xu, Z. Q., Zhang, L. J., & Parr, J. M. (2022). Incorporating peer feedback in writing instruction: Examining its effects on English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners’ writing performance. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 60(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2021-0078

Yang, Y. F. (2016). Transforming and constructing academic knowledge through online peer feedback in summary writing. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(4), 683–702. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2015.1016440

Yelland, N., & Masters, J. (2007). Rethinking scaffolding in the information age. Computers & Education, 48, 362–382. http://doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2005.01.010

Yu, S., & Hu, G. (2017). Understanding university students’ peer feedback practices in EFL writing: Insights from a case study. Assessing Writing, 33, 25-35. doi:10.1016/j.asw.2017.03.004

Yu, S., & Lee, I. (2014). An analysis of Chinese EFL students’ use of first and second language in peer feedback of L2 writing. System, 47, 28-38. https://shorturl.asia/mLj1F

Yu, S., & Lee, I. (2016). Understanding the role of learners with low English language proficiency in peer feedback of second language writing. TESOL Quarterly, 50(2), 483-494. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.301

Zhang, Y., & Dong, L. (2022). A study of the impacts of motivational regulation and self-regulated second-language writing strategies on college students’ proximal and distal writing enjoyment and anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-13. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.938346.

Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.