Species identification of processed sea cucumbers from Malaysian market based on concatenated gene sequences of mitochondrial rRNA genes

Authors

  • Kamarul Rahim Kamarudin Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Campus, Johor Darul Takzim 84600, Malaysia
  • Maryam Mohamed Rehan Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus 71800, Malaysia
  • Aisyah Mohamed Rehan Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang Darul Makmur 25200, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2019.146259

Keywords:

12S rRNA gene, 16S rRNA gene,, Malaysian markets, Processed sea cucumbers, Phylogenetic analysis

Abstract

Species identification of sea cucumbers that have undergone body deformation due to extensive food processing, e.g., beche-de-mer, is difficult, especially with the copresence of cases of unlabelled or mislabelled sea cucumber-based products on the market. Therefore, a study was done to determine the species identities of processed sea cucumbers from selected Malaysian markets using concatenated gene sequences of non-protein-coding 12S and 16S mitochondrial rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the distance-based Neighbor Joining method and character-based methods, i.e., the Maximum Parsimony method, Maximum Likelihood method, and the Bayesian Analysis method, of 47 ingroup sequences, representing 37 processed sea cucumber specimens, 6 reference samples, and 4 additional specimens, suggested the presence of 3 main clusters, i.e., gamat family, consisting of genus Stichopus and genus Thelenota; and timun laut family, comprising family Holothuriidae. A number of 3 gamat species, i.e., Stichopus horrens, Stichopus vastus, and Thelenota anax, were recorded. Meanwhile, the specimens of Holothuria (Halodeima) atra, Holo-thuria (Halodeima) edulis, Holothuria (Metriatyla) lessoni, Holothuria (Merten-siothuria) leucospilota, and Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra were the 5 timun laut species that are grouped under the family Holothuriidae. The outcomes of this study can be utilised by enforcement agencies to monitor and overcome the issues of species substitution and product mislabelling of processed sea cucumber products in Malaysian markets.

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Published

2019-01-28

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 2 (2019): July-December

Section

Article

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Copyright: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0