Stakeholders’ perceptions on the introduction of additive manufacturing (AM) in the maritime spare parts supply chain
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2024.268186Keywords:
Three-Dimensional (3D) printing, Additive Manufacturing, Spare part supply chain, Maritime transport industryAbstract
Spare parts supply chain (SPSC) plays a crucial role in keeping ship machinery running. This study, rooted in a thorough literature review encompassing both academic and industry research, as well as established standards, seeks to shed light on stakeholder perspectives regarding the integration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) into the maritime spare parts supply chain (SPSC). The aim is to address fundamental questions critical to shaping the maritime spare parts supply chain with AM. The research employs a questionnaire-based methodology, deemed the most appropriate tool for capturing stakeholder perspectives, motivations, and concerns. Participants are categorized as “end-users” and “suppliers” of spare parts. The end-users in the maritime SPSC encompass individuals both on board vessels and in onshore offices, ranging from ship owners to engineers, surveyors, and staff in various departments. On the upstream side of the SPSC, the study engages with manufacturers and suppliers of spare parts, including original equipment manufacturers and third-party subcontractors, as well as various types of distributors and service providers. The research concludes with a comprehensive understanding of the maritime industry’s engagement with AM, balancing cost-efficiency with the preservation of service quality and operational readiness. It identifies significant barriers, such as quality assurance, the need for skills and knowledge, digital asset management, copyright protection, and equipment availability and costs. This study marks a pioneering exploration of stakeholder perspectives within the maritime SPSC concerning the integration of AM technology. It underscores the industry’s eagerness to embrace digital transformation while highlighting key challenges that must be addressed for a successful transition; this is clearly an added value from a practical perspective. As the maritime sector stands at the precipice of technological evolution, understanding these perspectives is integral to steering towards a more efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable future.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cite this article: Kostidi, E., Nikitakos, N., Lilas, T., Dalaklis, D. (2024). Stakeholders’ perceptions on the introduction of additive manufacturing (AM) in the maritime spare parts supply chain. Maritime Technology and Research, 6(2), 268186. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2024.268186
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Highlights
- The study delves into the perspectives of diverse stakeholders in the maritime Spare Parts Supply Chain, and how they approach Additive Manufacturing
- It reveals a comprehensive understanding of the industry’s commitment to cost-efficiency while maintaining service quality and operational readiness
- The research identifies significant barriers hindering the integration of Additive Manufacturing
- This study pioneers shedding light on the industry's enthusiasm for digital transformation and highlighting critical challenges that need addressing
- The findings provide practical insights for the maritime sector as it navigates technological evolution
References
ABS. (2018). Guidance notes on additive manufacturing. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1aXbDQBCVMFoIQkvqeRVHP58QP70LEpVX
Adu-Amankwa, K., & Daly, A. (2023). Securing innovation in digital manufacturing supply chains: An interdisciplinary perspective on intellectual property, technological protection measures and 3D printing/additive manufacturing. Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, 18(8), 587-602. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpad062
Ballardini, R. M., Flores Ituarte, I., & Pei, E. (2018). Printing spare parts through additive manufacturing: Legal and digital business challenges. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 29(6), 958-982. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-12-2017-0270
Bureau Veritas Marine & Offshore. (2019). Additive manufacturing-Guidelines for certification of product made using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process NI662 R00. Retrieved from http://erules.veristar.com/dy/data/bv/pdf/662-NI_2019-05.pdf
Chekurov, S., Metsä-Kortelainen, S., Salmi, M., Roda, I., & Jussila, A. (2018). The perceived value of additively manufactured digital spare parts in industry: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Production Economics, 205, 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.09.008
Chen, Z., Han, C., Gao, M., Kandukuri, S. Y., & Zhou, K. (2022). A review on qualification and certification for metal additive manufacturing. Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 17(2), 382-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2021.2018938
Delic, M., & Eyers, D. R. (2020). The effect of additive manufacturing adoption on supply chain flexibility and performance: An empirical analysis from the automotive industry. International Journal of Production Economics, 228, 107689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107689
Deloitte Consulting. (2013). Driving aftermarket value: Upgrade spare parts supply chain. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cn/Documents/manufacturing/deloitte-cn-mfg-auto-indspareparts-whitepaper-en-171013.pdf
Despeisse, M., & Minshall, T. (2017). Skills and education for additive manufacturing: A review of emerging issues (pp. 289-297). In Proceedings of the IFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems, Springer, Cham. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66923-6_34
DNV GL. (2020). Additive manufacturing certification. DNV GL. Retrieved from https://www.dnvgl.com/services/additive-manufacturing-certification-104684
Eruguz, A. S., Tan, T., & van Houtum, G. J. (2018). Integrated maintenance and spare part optimization for moving assets. IISE Transactions, 50(3), 230-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2017.1312037
Final report Pilot Project 3D printing of Marine spares. (2016). Port of Rotterdam. Retrieved from https://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/files/final-report-pilot-project-3d-printing-of-marine-spares
Ganetsos, T., Kantaros, A., Gioldasis, N., & Brachos, K. (2023). Applications of 3D printing and illustration in industry (pp. 1-4). In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Engineering of Modern Electric Systems, Oradea, Romania. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMES58375.2023.10171656
Ghadge, A., Karantoni, G., Chaudhuri, A., & Srinivasan, A. (2018). Impact of additive manufacturing on aircraft supply chain performance: A system dynamics approach. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 29(5), 846-865. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-07-2017-0143
Green Ship of the Future. (2017). Can 3D print technology be used for repair and reconditioning, reducing the number of scrapped maritime parts? Green Ship of The Future. Retrieved from https://greenship.org/can-3d-print-technology-be-used-for-repair-and-reconditioning-reducing-the-number-of-scrapped-maritime-parts
Holmström, J., Partanen, J., Tuomi, J., & Walter, M. (2010). Rapid manufacturing in the spare parts supply chain: Alternative approaches to capacity deployment. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 21(6), 687-697. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410381011063996
IEEE. (2011). What are Standards? Why are They Important? IEEE SA Beyond Standards. Retrieved from https://beyondstandards.ieee.org/general-news/what-are-standards-why-are-they-important
Illanes, P., Lund, S., Mourshed, M., Rutherford, S., & Tyreman, M. (2018). Retraining and reskilling workers in the age of automation. McKinsey Global Institute. Retrieved from http://www.echs-nm.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/retraining-and-reskilling-workers-in-the-age-of-automation-_-mckinsey-company.pdf
ISO/IEC 17065:2012(en). (2012). Conformity assessment-Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-iec:17065:ed-1:v1:en
Joseph, A., & Dalaklis, D. (2021). The international convention for the safety of life at sea: Highlighting interrelations of measures towards effective risk mitigation. Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 5(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/25725084.2021.1880766
Kandukuri, S. (2019). Additive manufacturing for marine parts a market feasibility study with Singapore Perspective (2019-9172P, Rev. 1 Document No.: 11EMDQ19-1). DNV GL. Retrieved from https://www.mpa.gov.sg/web/wcm/connect/www/99a3720f-abfc-4b07-9c9b-467220c1000a/Additive+Manufacturing+Market+Feasibility+Study_Public+Version.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&id=1572312102868
Kantaros, A., Ganetsos, T., & Piromalis, D. (2023). 3D and 4D printing as integrated manufacturing methods of industry 4.0 (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4378767). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4378767
Kantaros, A., Soulis, E., Ganetsos, T., & Petrescu, F. I. T. (2023). Applying a combination of cutting-edge industry 4.0 processes towards fabricating a customized component. Processes, 11(5), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051385
Khajavi, S. H., Partanen, J., & Holmström, J. (2014). Additive manufacturing in the spare parts supply chain. Computers in Industry, 65(1), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2013.07.008
Khajavi, S., Holmström, J., & Partanen, J. (2018). Additive manufacturing in the spare parts supply chain: Hub configuration and technology maturity. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 24(7), 1178-1192. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-03-2017-0052
Knofius, N. (2020). Towards a digital spare parts supply chain. AMQ Services.
Kostidi, E., & Nikitakos, N. (2018). Is it time for the maritime industry to embrace 3d printed spare parts? TransNav: International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 12(3), 557-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12716/1001.12.03.16
Kostidi, E., Nikitakos, N., & Progoulakis, I. (2021). Additive manufacturing and maritime spare parts: Benefits and obstacles for the end-users. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(8), 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080895
Kretzschmar, N., Chekurov, S., Salmi, M., & Tuomi, J. (2018). Evaluating the readiness level of additively manufactured digital spare parts: An industrial perspective. Applied Sciences, 8(10), 1837. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8101837
Li, Y., Jia, G., Cheng, Y., & Hu, Y. (2017). Additive manufacturing technology in spare parts supply chain: A comparative study. International Journal of Production Research, 55(5), 1498-1515. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1231433
Liu, P., Huang, S. H., Mokasdar, A., Zhou, H., & Hou, L. (2014). The impact of additive manufacturing in the aircraft spare parts supply chain: Supply chain operation reference (scor) model based analysis. Production Planning & Control, 25(13-14), 1169-1181. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2013.808835
Lloyd’s Register and TWI, O. voice on digital. (2017). Lloyd’s Register’s Guidance Notes for Additive Manufacturing. Lloyd’s Register. Retrieved from https://www.lr.org/th/additive-manufacturing/additive-manufacturing-resources/guidance-notes-for-the-certification-of-metallic-parts-made-by-additive-manufacturing
Nota, C., Rückert, G., Heuzé, J. L., Carlino, L., Quenez, J. M., & Courregelongue, L. (2023). A first feedback on manufacturing and in-service behaviour of a WAAM-made propeller for naval application. Welding in the World, 67(4), 1113-1121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-023-01475-w
Osborn, L. (2016). Intellectual Property’s Digital Future. Research Handbook on Digital Transformations, Edited by F. Xavier Olleros and Majlinda Zhegu. Edward Elgar. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2533673
Pavlopoulou, Y., & Kostidi, E. (2021). Legal and Technical Aspects of Responsible and Circular Marine Production. In Proceedings of the SNAME 7th International Symposium on Ship Operations, Management and Economics, Virtual. https://doi.org/10.5957/SOME-2021-013
Phillips, B. T., Allder, J., Bolan, G., Nagle, R. S., Redington, A., Hellebrekers, T., Borden, J., Pawlenko, N., & Licht, S. (2020). Additive manufacturing aboard a moving vessel at sea using passively stabilized stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. Additive Manufacturing, 31, 100969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100969
Ratnayake, R. M. C. (2016). Making Sense of 3D Printing/Additive Layer Manufacturing in Offshore Petroleum Industry: State of the Art (pp. V004T03A032-V004T03A032). In Proceedings of the ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2016-54537
Rubino, F., Nisticò, A., Tucci, F., & Carlone, P. (2020). Marine application of fiber reinforced composites: A review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8010026
Sanchez-Gonzalez, P. L., Díaz-Gutiérrez, D., Leo, T. J., & Núñez-Rivas, L. R. (2019). Toward digitalization of maritime transport? Sensors, 19(4), 926. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040926
Silva, D., Garrido, J., Lekube, B., & Arrillaga, A. (2023). On-board and port 3D printing to promote a maritime plastic circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 407, 137151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137151
Technologies, A. C. F. on A. M., & Terminology, A. C. F. on A. M. T. S. F. 91 on. (2012). Standard terminology for additive manufacturing technologies. ASTM International.
Tsaramirsis, G., Kantaros, A., Al-Darraji, I., Piromalis, D., Apostolopoulos, C., Pavlopoulou, A., Alrammal, M., Ismail, Z., Buhari, S. M., Stojmenovic, M., Tamimi, H., Randhawa, P., Patel, A., & Khan, F. Q. (2022). A modern approach towards an Industry 4.0 Model: From driving technologies to management. Journal of Sensors, 2022, e5023011. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5023011
Vogelsang, K., Liere-Netheler, K., Packmohr, S., & Hoppe, U. (2019). Barriers to digital transformation in manufacturing: Development of a research agenda (pp. 4937-4946). In Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2019.594
Westerweel, B., Basten, R., den Boer, J., & van Houtum, G. J. (2021). Printing Spare Parts at Remote Locations: Fulfilling the promise of additive manufacturing. Production and Operations Management, 30(6), 1615-1632. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13298
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Maritime Technology and Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
