Literature review of maritime cyber security: The first decade

Abstract

This is a comprehensive review of the current body of work surrounding the topic of cyber security in the marine and maritime sectors. Reviews are useful as a field develops, both for those new to the field, and those contributing to a section of the existing body of work. This looks at the phases of research, from exploratory and positional papers in the early 2010s to the more recent experimental research, and how ``maritime cyber security" has branched into subtopics addressing human factors, policy, cyber-physical security, and more. In addition to different topics of research, this review examines the focus of those papers, whether they are intended for crewed vessels, uncrewed vessels (above and below the surface), offshore structures (e.g., oil, renewable wind energy), and infrastructure like ports. As a newly developing field, compared to general cyber security or naval engineering, this review also examines the ratio of positional papers, papers that generate knowledge, and papers that summarise existing works to gauge the maturity of the field. This comprehensive review relies on an expert understanding of the existing body of academic literature and its impact on industry and government. This review of over three hundred articles concludes with overall findings and suggestions for future research to continue maturing and growing maritime cyber security research.