Literature review of maritime cyber security: The first decade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2025.273805Keywords:
Comprehensive review; Maritime cyber security; Cyber-physical securityAbstract
This is a comprehensive review of the current body of work for cyber security in the marine and maritime sectors. Reviews are useful as a field develops, both for those new to the field, and those contributing to a section of the existing body of work. This looks at the phases of research, from exploratory and positional papers in the early 2010s, to the more recent experimental research, and how “maritime cyber security” has branched into subtopics addressing human factors, policy, law, cyber-physical security, and more. In addition to different topics of research, this comprehensive review summaries the focus of those papers, whether they are intended for crewed vessels, uncrewed vessels (above and below the surface), offshore structures (e.g., oil, renewable wind energy), and infrastructure like ports. As a newly developing field, compared to general cyber security or naval engineering, this review also examines the ratio of positional papers, papers that generate knowledge, and papers that summarize existing works to gauge the maturity of the field. This type of review relies on an expert understanding of the existing body of academic literature and its impact on industry and government, instead of applying prescribed systematic review methodology. This review of over three hundred articles concludes with overall findings and suggestions for future research to continue maturing and growing maritime cyber security research.
Highlights
- Instead of using a systematic review to answer a research question, this paper does a comprehensive review of the existing literature to understand the growth of the field.
- As the first maritime cyber security specific papers were published circa 2013, this is the first review to consider the first decade of maritime cyber research (2013 - 2023) and how the field of research, including its sub-topics, has developed over those years.
- While not every one of the 300+ found papers were referenced, this is one of largest the most comprehensive reviews, and highlights some of the limitations to the large number of systematic reviews in the field.
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