Development of Social Enterprises in Thailand: A Critical Investigation of the Social Enterprise Promotion Act 2019 within a Theoretical Framework of Law and Development
Keywords:
social enterprises, social enterprise legislation, law and developmentAbstract
From 2000 onwards, social enterprises (SEs) are growing in number in several countries around the world (e.g. United Kingdom, South Korea, Singapore). In some countries, legislation was passed to ensure the promotion of SEs as well as their good governance. This paper adopts qualitative methodology to investigate the role of law in promoting the development of SEs. It contributes theoretically by adopting a general theory of law and development established by Yong-Shik Lee for analysing how the introduction of SE law in general, and the enforcement of the Social Enterprise Promotion Act (SEPA) of Thailand in particular, may pose challenges to the development of SEs. From the perspective of the general theory of law and development, the “regulatory impact mechanisms” comprising of ‘regulatory design,’ ‘regulatory compliance,’ and ‘quality of implementation’ are of crucial importance for achieving desirable outcomes, particularly sustainable development. Distilled from the theory, we argue that the key challenges of Thailand’s SEPA in facilitating development of SEs in the country are consisted of the issues on regulatory design and quality of implementation.
References
Bidet, E., & Defourny, J. (2019). The Rising Interest for Social Enterprise in Asia, in E. Bidet, & J. Defourny, (Eds.), Social Enterprise in Asia: Theory, Models and Practice (pp. 1-13). New York: Routledge.
Bidet, E., Eum, H-S., & Ryu, J-U. (2019). Models of Social Enterprise in South Korea, in E. Bidet, & J. Defourny, (Eds.), Social Enterprise in Asia: Theory, Models and Practice (pp. 97-115). New York: Routledge.
British Council., United Nations ESCAP., & Social Enterprise UK. (2021). The State of Social Enterprise in South East Asia. British Council.
Davis, E. K., & Trebilcock, J. M. (2008). The Relationship between Law and Development: Optimists and Skeptics. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 56(4), 895-946.
Dincecco, M. (2018). State Capacity and Economic Development: Present and Past. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Friedman, M. L. (1969). On Legal Development. Rutgers Law Review, 24(11), 11-64.
Gibbons, J., & Hazy, K. J. (2017). Leading a large-scale distributed social enterprise: How the leadership culture at Goodwill Industries creates and distributes value in communities. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 27(3), 299-316.
Gilbert, N. (2008). Researching Social Life (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Hadfield, K. G. (2007). The Quality of Law: Judicial Incentives, Legal Human Capital and the Evolution of Law. (University of Southern California CLEO Research Paper No. C07-3), 1-40.
Kerlin, A. J. (2009). Introduction, in J. A. Kerlin (Ed.), Social enterprise: A global comparison (pp.1-11). Medford: Tufts University Press.
Khieng, S., & Dahles, H. (2015). Commercialization in the Non-Profit Sector: The Emergence of Social Enterprise in Cambodia. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 6(2), 218-243.
Krever, T. (2018). The Rule of Law and the Rise of Capitalism, in C. May., & W. Adam (Eds.) Handbook on the Rule of Law (pp. 184-200).
Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Manor, J. (2004). Appendix 3 Understanding ‘Political Will’ in ‘Politicking for the Poor’: Final Report to the U.K. Department for International Development. Retrieved from: access-ed January 2, 2022.
Nuchpiam, Prapin., Prateeppornnarong, Dhiyathad., & Jenjarrussakul, Bongkot. (2018). Social Enterprise in Thailand: Some Observations on the Social Enterprise Promotion Bill. Journal of Thai Ombudsman, 11(1), 109-141.
Nuchpiam, Prapin., & Punyakumpol, Chanya. (2019). Social Enterprise Landscape in Thailand, in E. Bidet, & J. Defourny, (Eds.), Social Enterprise in Asia: Theory, Models and Practice (pp. 137-155). New York: Routledge.
Page, A., & Katz, A. B. (2020). Is Social Enterprise the New Corporate Social Responsibility. Seattle University Law Review, 34, 1351-1384.
Prado, M. M. (2010). What is Law and Development? Revista Argentina de Teoria Juridica, 11(1), 1-20.
Prateeppornnarong, Dhiyathad. (2019). Key Ethical Principles for Researchers in the Field of Criminology and Criminal Justice System. University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce Journal Humanities and Social Sciences, 39(2), 137–150.
Prateeppornnarong, Dhiyathad. (2021). Sustainable Development and Social Enterprise (2nd ed.). Nonthaburi: Rattenatrai.
Richardson, M. (2015). Social Enterprise in the UK: Developing a Thriving Social Enterprise Sector. London: British Council.
Ridley-Duff, R., & Bull, M. (2016) Understanding Social Enterprise: Theory and Practice (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publications.
Salamon, M. L. (1987). Of market failure, voluntary failure, and third-party government: Toward a theory of government-nonprofit relations in the modern welfare state. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 16(1-2), 29-49.
Sen, A. (1988). The Concept of Development, in H. Chenery., & T. Srinivasan (Eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, Volume 1 (pp. 9-26). Elsevier.
Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor Books. Singapore Centre for Social Enterprise (raiSE). (2020). Commemorating Five Years of Advocating for Social Enterprises in Singapore. Singapore.
Social Enterprise UK. (2019). Capitalism in Crisis: State of Social Enterprise Survey 2019. London.
Tamanaha, Z. B. (2011). The Primacy of Society and the Failures of Law and Development, Cornell International Law Journal, 44, 209-247.
Teasdale, S. (2011). What’s in a name? Making sense of social enterprise discourses. Public Policy and Administration, 27(2), 99-119.
Thomas, G. (2013). How to Do Your Research Project: A Guide for Students in Education and Applied Social Sciences (2nd ed). London: SAGE Publications.
Trubek, M. D. (2016). Law and Development: Forty Years after ‘Scholars in Self-Estrangement.’ University of Toronto Law Journal, 66(3), 301-329.
Trubek, M. D., & Santos, A. (2006). Introduction: The Third Moment in Law and Development Theory and the Emergence of a New Critical Practice, in D.M. Trubek., & A. Santos (Eds.), The New Law and Economic Development: A Critical Appraisal (pp. 1-18). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Trubek, M. D. (2006). The ‘Rule of Law’ in Development Assistance: Past, Present, and Future, in D.M. Trubek., & A. Santos (Eds.), The New Law and Economic Development: A Critical Appraisal (pp. 78-81). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Versteeg, M., & Ginsburg, T. (2017). Measuring the Rule of Law: A Comparison of Indicators. Law and Social Inquiry, 42(1), 100-137.
Yong-Shik, Lee. (2015). Call for a New Analytical Model for Law and Development. Law and Development Review, 8(1), 1-67.
Yong-Shik, Lee. (2017). General Theory of Law and Development. Cornell International Law Journal, 50(3), 415-471.
Yong-Shik, Lee. (2019). Law and Development Theory and Practice. New York: Routledge.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 NIDA Development Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
