Ya Phok Drug Remedies (Herbal Poultice) From Thai Traditional Medical Texts of Phitsanulok Province
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Abstract
Background and objective (s): Medical texts provide important information on the wisdom of the ancient Thai people. They were aware of natural ingredients that could be used to make medications to treat illnesses. The research for this article aimed to study the methods and pharmaceutical substances found in transliterate versions of Thai traditional ya phok (herbal poultice) medical texts of Phitsanulok province. These include 87 manuals from the Art and Cultural Center of Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University.
Methodology: This study used quantitative research in the study of the essence of the ya phok drug remedies, analyzed the frequency of pharmaceutical ingredients in ya phok drug remedies and summarized the analysis results.
Main result: This study discovered that ya phok drug remedies could be found in 69 texts, covering 374 remedies. It was discovered that there are 31 different methods based on their properties. The most frequently found ya phok drug remedies used to treat skin disease are covered by 158 remedies. Pharmaceuticals processed before application were found to cover 13 different procedures. The most common method was grinding the ingredients covering 204 remedies. For drugs that are utilized in medical procedures, the study found 336 plant-based substances used, with the highest frequency being zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe). There were 36 animal-based substances used, with the highest frequency being from cows (Bos taurus) (the most used being cow dung). There were 17 mineral-based substances used, with the highest frequency being potassium nitrate (KNO3). The medium used in the remedies cover 30 types, with the highest frequency being water. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the most commonly used medicines have important properties in the treatment of skin diseases.
Relevance to Thai Studies: The purpose of this study was to provide evidence in favor of Thai traditional medical expertise from Phitsanulok province through conducting quantitative research on Thai traditional medical manuscripts. In order to enumerate diseases and pharmaceuticals encompassing ya phok medicine cures, the study employed statistical data from Thai traditional medical books from Phitsanulok province. Data collected from this research will form the foundational database for future medical treatment developments based on traditional Thai remedies.
Conclusion: The use of ya phok drug remedies were important in the treatment of "Abscess, Mareng (Name of a type of chronic skin disease), and Tamoy (Name of a type of chronic skin disease),." Zedoary was found to be the most effective remedy in this investigation, based on significant scientific research. In terms of important properties in treating skin diseases, the most important were the reducion of inflammation and antioxidant effects, and antibacterial, which is one of the causes of skin infections. This study on ya phok will serve as foundational data for the principal medical treatment wisdom manuals of Phitsanulok province and can be a database of information that will eventually be used to create medicinal treatments.
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Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Saphanhin (2)/0278. [medical text of Saphanhin Temple (2) of Phitsanulok province, number 0278]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
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Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Thamachak (3)/0228. [medical text of Thamachak Temple (3) of Phitsanulok province, number 0228]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Thamachak (4)/0285. [medical text of Thamachak Temple (4) of Phitsanulok province, number 0285]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Makham/0257. [medical text of wat Tha Makham of Phitsanulok province, number 0257]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Makham (2)/0261. [medical text of wat Tha Makham (2) of Phitsanulok province, number 0261]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na/0231. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple of Phitsanulok province, number 0231]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (2)/0232. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (2) of Phitsanulok province, number 0232]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (3)/0233. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (3) of Phitsanulok province, number 0233]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (5)/0248. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (5) of Phitsanulok province, number 0248]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (6)/0267. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (6) of Phitsanulok province, number 0267]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (7)/0268. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (7) of Phitsanulok province, number 0268]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (8)/0290. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (8) of Phitsanulok province, number 0290]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (10)/0296. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (10) of Phitsanulok province, number 0296].(2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (11)/0298. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (11) of Phitsanulok province, number 0298].(2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (12)/0299. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (12) of Phitsanulok province, number 0299]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (14)/0315. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (14) of Phitsanulok province, number 0315]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (15)/0315. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (15) of Phitsanulok province, number 0315]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (16)/0343. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (16) of Phitsanulok province, number 0343]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Na (17)/0349. [medical text of wat Tha Na Temple (17) of Phitsanulok province, number 0349]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tharong Tawan-ok/0263. [medical text of Tharong Tawan-ok Temple of Phitsanulok province, number 0263]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Thasut/0310. [medical text of Thasut Temple of Phitsanulok province, number 0310]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tha Tan/0296. [medical text of wat Tha Tan Temple of Phitsanulok province, number 0296]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tho Thae/0224. [medical text of Tho Thae Temple of Phitsanulok province, number 0224]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tum (3)/0293. [medical text of Tum Temple (3) of Phitsanulok province, number 0293]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tum (4)/0315. [medical text of Tum Temple (4) of Phitsanulok province, number 0315]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tum (5)/0316. [medical text of Tum Temple (5) of Phitsanulok province, number 0316]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Tum (6)/0340. [medical text of Tum Temple (6) of Phitsanulok province, number 0340]. (2024). (Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
Tamra ya phaet phaen thai wat Wangphrom/0236. [medical text of wat Wangphrom Temple of Phitsanulok province, number 0236]. (2024). (Boonchan, K. Nuamkrainork, T. Woonsuk, P. Muangkham, P., & Sangngern, P. transcriber). Archive of Office of Art and Culture, Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University, Thailand.
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