Reviewing the Phenomenon of Climate Change: The Case of Global Dimming
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Abstract
Solar radiation at the Earth's surface is crucial to the climate system because it drives the water and carbon cycles and is the primary energy source for plants growth. Since 1960, surface solar radiation has decreased in most of the world. This phenomenon, known as global dimming, is a climate change component that receives less attention than global warming, particularly in Asia, which experiences it after Europe and the United States. This article aims to enhance understanding of global dimming by reviewing scholarly publications from all world regions, including Thailand i.e., IPCC report, academic papers from American Geophysical Union, American Meteorological Society, Advancing Earth, and Space Science, ScienceDirect, Royal Meteorological Society, Springer, Wiley. The results show that during the 1960s and 1980s, global dimming found in the Industrial regions regarding solar radiation declined due to both the sun's radiation and the energy reflected by aerosols such as sulfate, black carbon, and particulates. This reduces the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface of the Earth. The minor component is the pollutant absorption of aerosol in the atmosphere, which contributes to the heat and stability of the atmosphere, hence restricting cloud accumulation, which is the global dimming phenomenon. From the 1980s, industrialized nations witnessed a global brightening, whilst Thailand and other developing nations experienced a global dimming. The reviews expand knowledge and perceptions of global dimming, resulting in future actions to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
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