The Influence of Adaptive Strategies on the Business Performance of Food and Beverage Enterprises in Kamphaeng Phet Province Amid the COVID-19 Crisis
Keywords:
Exploratory Factor Analysis, Adaption Strategies, Food and Beverage BusinessAbstract
The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the components of adaptive strategies employed by food and beverage businesses in Kamphaeng Phet Province, and (2) to examine the adaptive strategies that influence business performance among food and beverage enterprises in Kamphaeng Phet Province amid the COVID-19 crisis. The sample consisted of 385 entrepreneurs operating food and beverage businesses in Kamphaeng Phet Province. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Statistical methods employed in the study included percentage, mean, standard deviation, exploratory factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis.
The findings revealed that most respondents were female, with an average age of 41.04 years. The majority had an education level below a bachelor’s degree and primarily operated businesses selling only food. On average, their businesses had been in operation for 8.14 years and employed approximately three workers. The analysis identified three key components of adaptive strategies: (1) Technological Adaptation Strategy, (2) Operational Adaptation Strategy, and (3) Marketing Adaptation Strategy. All three components of adaptive strategies were found to have a significant influence on the business performance of food and beverage enterprises in Kamphaeng Phet Province.
References
Abeynayake, D. N., Perera, B. A. K. S. and Hadiwattege, C. 2022. A roadmap for business model adaptation in the construction industry: a structured review of business model research. Construction Innovation. Vol. 22. No. 4. 1122 – 1137.
Alghizzawi, M. 2019. The role of digital marketing in consumer behavior: A survey. International Journal of Information Technology and Language Studies. Vol. 3. No. 1. 24 – 31.
Al-Tit, A. A. 2015. The effect of service and food quality on customer satisfaction and hence customer retention. Asian Social Science. Vol. 11. No. 23. 129 – 139.
Appel, G., Grewal, L., Hadi, R. and Stephen, A. T. 2020. The future of social media in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Vol. 48. No. 1. 79 – 95.
Bahiaa, T. H. A., Ahmedb, H. H. and Raheem, A. 2019. The role of the balanced scorecard in improving organizational performance: Field study in al-diwaniyah textile factory. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change. Vol. 10. No. 10. 388 – 414.
Baiomy, A. E., Jones, E. and Goode, M. M. 2019. The influence of menu design, menu item descriptions, and menu variety on customer satisfaction. A case study of Egypt. Tourism and Hospitality Research. Vol. 19. No. 2. 213 – 224.
Balboni, B., and Bartoluzzi, G. 2015. Business model adaptation and the success of new ventures. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation. Vol. 11. No. 1. 119 – 140.
Chakravarthy, B. S. 1982. Adaptation: A promising metaphor for strategic management. The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 7. No. 1. 35 – 44.
Charoennan, W. and Embalzado, H. 2021. The impacts of Covid-19 pandemic and strategic responses: Insights from business owner. Chulalongkorn Business Review. Vol. 43. No. 2. 47 – 71.
Cochran, W. G. 1977. Sampling Techniques. 3rd Ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Deesuksaeng, P. and Sonprajuk, P. 2021. Adaptation of street food covid-19 situation period in Pak Nam Pho subdistrict, Mueang Nakhon Sawan district, Nakhon Sawan province. National Postgraduate Student Colloquium 2021. 114 – 131.
Etim, G. S., James, E. E., Nnana, A. N. and Okeowo, V. O. 2021. E marketing strategies and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises: A New normal agenda. Journal of Business and Management Studies. Vol. 3. No. 2. 162 – 172.
Farida, I. and Setiawan, D. 2022. Business strategies and competitive advantage: The role of performance and innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. Vol. 8. No. 3. 1 – 16.
Gekonge, C. O. 2005. What a system!. The Professional Journal of KASNEB. Issue No 4.
Gumel, B. I. 2019. The impact of strategic planning on growth of small businesses in Nigeria. SEISENSE Journal of Management. Vol. 2. No. 1. 69 – 84.
Habes, M., Alghizzawi, M., Elareshi, M., Ziani, A., Qudah, M. and Al Hammadi, M. M. 2023. E-Marketing and Customers’ Bank Loyalty Enhancement: Jordanians’ Perspectives. In The Implementation of Smart Technologies for Business Success and Sustainability, Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. 37 – 47. Springer.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T., Ringle, C. M. and Sarstedt, M. 2017. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Thousand Oaks. California. United States of America: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. and Anderson, R. E. 2018. Multivariate Data Analysis. 8th Ed. Andover: Cengage Learning.
Hitt, M. A., Keats, B. W. and DeMarie, S. M. 1998. Navigating in the new competitive landscape: building strategic flexibility and competitive advantage in the 21st century. Academy of Management Executive. Vol. 12. No. 4. 22 – 42.
Ibrahim, S. and Ganeshbabu, P. 2018. A study on the impact of social media marketing trends on digital marketing. Shanlax International Journal of Management. Vol. 6. No. 1. 120 – 125.
Itliong, J. 2020. Online strategies for small businesses affected by Covid-19: A social media and social commerce approach. Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations. California State University. San Bernardino.
Jitwaropasakul, K., Sirirat, E., Charoenwiriyakul, C. and Siriwattana, S. 2023. Adaptation Strategies during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic of restaurant business in Thon Buri, Bangkok. Journal of MCU Social Development. Vol. 8. No. 1. 86 – 98.
Kaiser, H. F. 1960. The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement. Vol. 20. No. 1. 141 – 151.
Kasikorn Research Center. 2020. COVID-19 is lingering: How restaurants are adapting during this crisis. Retrieved December 18, 2020 from https://www.kasikornresearch.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/analysis/k-social-media/sme/restaurant%20covid19/restaurant_covid.pdf
Kasikorn Research Center. 2025. Trends in the Restaurant and Beverage Business. Retrieved June 20, 2025 from https://www.settrade.com/th/research/analyst-research/stock/industry-sector/83023-k-research-restaurant-industry
Kerlinger, F. N. 1986. Foundations of Behavior Research. 3rd Ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Khadka, N. 2021. Social media marketing practices of Nepalese restaurants in Helsinki. Bachelor’s Thesis, Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences.
Kramwon, S. 2021. The adaptation of the restaurant and café entrepreneur in the covid-19 situation around Bangkok area. Master of Business Administration. Dhurakij Pundit University.
Lado, N., Maydeu-Olivares, A. and Rivera-Camino, J. 1998. Measuring market orientation in several populations: a structural equations model. European Journal of Marketing. Vol. 32. No. 1. 23 – 39.
Levinthal, D. A. 1991. Organizational adaptation and environmental selection-interrelated processes of change. Organization Science. Vol. 2. No. 1. 140 – 145.
Lovelock, C. H. and Wirtz, J. 2011. Services Marketing: People, Technology, Strategy. 7th Ed. Boston: Prentice Hall.
Miles, R. E. and Snow, C. C. 1978. Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Mintzberg, H. 1979. The Structuring of Organizations: A Synthesis of the Research. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Namkung, Y. and Jang, S. 2007. Does food quality really matter in restaurant? Its impact on customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. Vol. 11. No. 3. 387 – 410.
Narver, J. C. J. and Slater, S. S. F. 1990. The effect of market orientation on business profitability. The Journal of Marketing. Vol. 54. No. 4. 20 – 35.
Nurseto, H. E., Windasari, N. A. and Sarli, P. W. 2023. Adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the food sector during the pandemic: Position the brand as part of the community. Journal of Global Business Insights. Vol. 8. No. 2. 149 – 167.
Oktemgil, M. and Greenley, G. 1997. Consequences of high and low adaptive capability in UK companies. European Journal of Marketing; Bradford. Vol. 31. No. 7. 445 – 466.
Onnalain, T. and O-in, S. 2022. Adaptation of grocery stores to the impact of the covid-19 pandemic in Thaiyawat subdistrict, Nakhon Chai Si district, Nakhon Pathom province. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, SKRU. Vol. 4. No. 2. 1 – 18.
Peñarroya-Farell, M., and Miralles, F. 2022. Business model adaptation to the COVID-19 crisis: Strategic response of the Spanish cultural and creative firms. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. Vol. 8. No. 1. 39.
Ritter, T. and Gemünden, H. G. 2004. The impact of a company’s business strategy on its technological competence, network competence and innovation success. Journal of Business Research. Vol. 57. No. 5. 548 – 556.
Rokrakthong, S., Vorrmanuchai, T., klabwihok, P., Supantee, P. and Siriwong, P. 2021. The business adaptation in dealing with COVID-19 situation of 111 social club cafe in Huahin district Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. Business conference 2021: The 8th Business transition to the new normal. 253 – 265.
Rovinelli, R. J. and Hambleton, R. K. 1977. On the use of content specialists in the assessment of criterion referenced test item validity. Dutch Journal of Educational Research. Vol. 2. No. 2. 49 – 60.
Ruangkam, K., Masorree, Y. and chanakhuha, K. 2021. The marketing mix factors in adaptation strategy under the circumstances of covid-19 for restaurant business “Ribs mannn” in Pak Chong district, Nakhon Ratchasima province. Journal of Liberal Arts and Service Industry. Vol. 4. No. 2. 748 – 760.
Saebi, T., Lien, L. and Foss, N. J. 2017. What drives business model adaptation? The impact of opportunities, threats and strategic orientation. Long range planning. Vol. 50. No. 5. 567 – 581.
Samonte, R. M., Mamaclay, A. G. and Castillo, M. P. 2022. Business strategies employed by food service industries to survive the impact of Covid-19. Open Journal of Business and Management. Vol. 10. No. 5. 2442 – 2460.
Saura, J. R., Palacios-Marqués, D. and Ribeiro-Soriano, D. 2023. Leveraging SMEs technologies adoption in the Covid-19 pandemic: a case study on Twitter-based user-generated content. The Journal of Technology Transfer. Vol. 48. No. 5. 1696-1722.
Sophia, O. M. and Owuor, D. 2014. Effects of strategic planning on organizational growth. (A Case Study of Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kemri). International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. Vol. 5. No. 9. 2250 – 3153.
Sukidin, Yuswadi, H., Kantun, S., Tiara and Cahyo, F. T. 2022. Adaptation strategy in the food industry during Covid-19 pandemic in Jember Regency. Conference: The 1st International Conference on Economic and Education. 1 – 16.
Sunthornpan, S. and Hirata, S. 2021. Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on micro, small and medium restaurant businesses in Thailand. Proceedings-2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics, IIAI-AAI 2021. 831 – 836.
Thongpak, S. and Pooipakdee, S. 2021. Guideline for service modification and development of green restaurant “YamYenin Bangkok” during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Liberal Arts and Service Industry. Vol. 4. No. 2. 761 – 772.
Tuominen, M., Rajala, A. and Möller, K. 2004. How does adaptability drive firm innovativeness?. Journal of Business Research. Vol. 57. No. 5. 495 – 506.
Venkataraman, S. and Van de Ven, A. H. 1998. Hostile environmental jolts, transaction set, and new business. Journal of Business Venturing. Vol. 13. No. 3. 231 – 255.
Volberda, H. W. 1997. Building flexible organizations for fast-moving markets. Long Range Plannin. Vol. 30. No. 2.
Yoopetch, C., Siriphan, P. and Chirapanda, S. 2022. Determinants of customer satisfaction via online food delivery applications. ABAC Journal. Vol. 42. No. 2. 70 – 88.
Yuliansyah, Y., Gurd, B. and Mohamed, N. 2017. The significant of business strategy in improving organizational performance. Humanomics. Vol. 33. No. 1. 56 – 74.
Zeithaml, V. A. and Bitner, M. J. 2000. Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. 2nd Ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Zhou, K. Z. and Wu, F. 2010. Technological capability, strategic flexibility, and product innovation. Strategic Management Journal. Vol. 31. No. 5. 547 – 561.
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
ข้อความ ข้อคิดเห็น ข้อมูล เนื้อหา รูปภาพ แผนภูมิ แผนผัง เป็นต้น ที่ปรากฏและแสดงในบทความต่างๆ ในวารสารบริหารธุรกิจเทคโนโลยีมหานคร ถือเป็นความรับผิดชอบโดยตรงของผู้เขียนบทความนั้นๆ มิใช่เป็นความรับผิดชอบใดๆ ของวารสารบริหารธุรกิจเทคโนโลยีมหานคร และมหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีมหานคร
บทความที่ตีพิมพ์ในวารสารบริหารธุรกิจเทคโนโลยีมหานคร ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์เฉพาะของคณะบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีมหานคร หากบุคคลหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำทั้งหมดหรือส่วนใดส่วนหนึ่งไปเผยแพร่ต่อหรือเพื่อกระทำการใดๆ จะต้องได้รับการอนุญาตเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษรจากคณะบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีมหานครก่อนเท่านั้น