พรมแดนศึกษา และ มานุษยวิทยาชายแดน: การเปิดพื้นที่ สร้างเขตแดน และการข้ามพรมแดนของความรู้

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จักรกริช สังขมณี

บทคัดย่อ

บทความชิ้นนี้มุ่งที่จะเปิดพื้นที่ และกระตุ้นความสนใจในวงวิชาการการศึกษาพื้นที่พรมแดน โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งจากมุมมองทางมานุษยวิทยาเนื้อหาหลักของบทความชิ้นนี้เป็นการทบทวนวรรณกรรมทางสังคมศาสตร์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการศึกษาพื้นที่พรมแดน/ชายแดน และชี้ให้เห็นถึงความจำเป็นในการสรรสร้างแนวคิดและวิธีการศึกษาใหม่ๆ ในวงการวิชาการทางสังคมศาสตร์ของไทย ทั้งนี้เพื่อให้สามารถตอบรับกับความสลับซับซ้อนและพลวัตของความเป็นชายแดนได้ บทความชิ้นนี้ย้อนกลับไปอ่านงานเขียนสำคัญๆ ที่เกี่ยวกับชายแดน โดยเฉพาะงานที่มีรากฐานมาจากการศึกษาพื้นที่ชายแดนสหรัฐ-เม็กซิโก ตลอดจนศึกษาอิทธิพลของพื้นที่และงานการศึกษาดังกล่าวที่มีผลในการศึกษาพื้นที่ชายแดนอื่นๆ ที่มากขึ้น นอกจากนี้ บทความชิ้นนี้ได้เสนอภาพในอีกด้านหนึ่งของโลก ซึ่งเป็นภาพของการปะทะประสานระหว่างแนวคิดของพรมแดน/ชายแดนแบบอาณานิคมและของชนพื้นเมืองในพื้นที่แถบลุ่มน้ำโขง ทั้งกรณีของพื้นที่ชายแดนสหรัฐ-เม็กซิโกและแถบลุ่มน้ำโขงเอง ต่างก็ได้ชี้ให้เห็นถึงการเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างต่อเนื่องของแนวคิดและมุมมองที่มีต่อพื้นที่ชายแดน ทั้งนี้ส่วนหนึ่งอาจจะเป็นผลมาจากการเปลี่ยนแปลงของระบบโลก แต่ส่วนหนึ่งก็มาจากการตกผลึกและการงอกเงยทางความคิด ที่มาจากการถกเถียงทางวิชาการด้วยเช่นกัน จากการทบทวนงานการศึกษาและพัฒนาการทางแนวคิดว่าด้วยพรมแดน บทความชิ้นนี้ชี้ถึงความสำคัญในการหาจุดร่วมที่จำเป็น เช่นการทำความเข้าใจนิยามของคำที่ใช้ การย้อนมองประวัติทางความคิด หรือแม้กระทั้งการตรวจสอบแนวคิดที่ผ่านๆ มา ในวงการศึกษา ทั้งนี้เพื่อให้เกิดการพัฒนาและถกเถียงทางวิชาการต่อไปได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพและเป็นวงกว้างมากขึ้น การทำความเข้าใจรากฐานที่มาของพรมแดนศึกษานับว่าเป็นสิ่งสำคัญ หากว่าพรมแดนศึกษาและมานุษยวิทยาว่าด้วยชายแดนจะถูกพัฒนาให้เป็นสาขาวิชาที่มีการเรียนการสอนต่อไป

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สังขมณี จ. (2019). พรมแดนศึกษา และ มานุษยวิทยาชายแดน: การเปิดพื้นที่ สร้างเขตแดน และการข้ามพรมแดนของความรู้. วารสารสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่, 20(2), 209–266. สืบค้น จาก https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jss/article/view/173595
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