พรมแดนศึกษา และ มานุษยวิทยาชายแดน: การเปิดพื้นที่ สร้างเขตแดน และการข้ามพรมแดนของความรู้
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
บทความชิ้นนี้มุ่งที่จะเปิดพื้นที่ และกระตุ้นความสนใจในวงวิชาการการศึกษาพื้นที่พรมแดน โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งจากมุมมองทางมานุษยวิทยาเนื้อหาหลักของบทความชิ้นนี้เป็นการทบทวนวรรณกรรมทางสังคมศาสตร์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการศึกษาพื้นที่พรมแดน/ชายแดน และชี้ให้เห็นถึงความจำเป็นในการสรรสร้างแนวคิดและวิธีการศึกษาใหม่ๆ ในวงการวิชาการทางสังคมศาสตร์ของไทย ทั้งนี้เพื่อให้สามารถตอบรับกับความสลับซับซ้อนและพลวัตของความเป็นชายแดนได้ บทความชิ้นนี้ย้อนกลับไปอ่านงานเขียนสำคัญๆ ที่เกี่ยวกับชายแดน โดยเฉพาะงานที่มีรากฐานมาจากการศึกษาพื้นที่ชายแดนสหรัฐ-เม็กซิโก ตลอดจนศึกษาอิทธิพลของพื้นที่และงานการศึกษาดังกล่าวที่มีผลในการศึกษาพื้นที่ชายแดนอื่นๆ ที่มากขึ้น นอกจากนี้ บทความชิ้นนี้ได้เสนอภาพในอีกด้านหนึ่งของโลก ซึ่งเป็นภาพของการปะทะประสานระหว่างแนวคิดของพรมแดน/ชายแดนแบบอาณานิคมและของชนพื้นเมืองในพื้นที่แถบลุ่มน้ำโขง ทั้งกรณีของพื้นที่ชายแดนสหรัฐ-เม็กซิโกและแถบลุ่มน้ำโขงเอง ต่างก็ได้ชี้ให้เห็นถึงการเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างต่อเนื่องของแนวคิดและมุมมองที่มีต่อพื้นที่ชายแดน ทั้งนี้ส่วนหนึ่งอาจจะเป็นผลมาจากการเปลี่ยนแปลงของระบบโลก แต่ส่วนหนึ่งก็มาจากการตกผลึกและการงอกเงยทางความคิด ที่มาจากการถกเถียงทางวิชาการด้วยเช่นกัน จากการทบทวนงานการศึกษาและพัฒนาการทางแนวคิดว่าด้วยพรมแดน บทความชิ้นนี้ชี้ถึงความสำคัญในการหาจุดร่วมที่จำเป็น เช่นการทำความเข้าใจนิยามของคำที่ใช้ การย้อนมองประวัติทางความคิด หรือแม้กระทั้งการตรวจสอบแนวคิดที่ผ่านๆ มา ในวงการศึกษา ทั้งนี้เพื่อให้เกิดการพัฒนาและถกเถียงทางวิชาการต่อไปได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพและเป็นวงกว้างมากขึ้น การทำความเข้าใจรากฐานที่มาของพรมแดนศึกษานับว่าเป็นสิ่งสำคัญ หากว่าพรมแดนศึกษาและมานุษยวิทยาว่าด้วยชายแดนจะถูกพัฒนาให้เป็นสาขาวิชาที่มีการเรียนการสอนต่อไป
Article Details
ข้อเขียนทั้งหมดทีปรากฏในวารสารสังคมศาสตร์ เป็นความคิดเห็นของผู้เขียนโดยเฉพาะ มิใช่ทัศนคติของคณะสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่ หรือกองบรรณาธิการวารสารสังคมศาสตร์
เอกสารอ้างอิง
Acharya, A. 1999. Imagine Proximities: The Making and Unmaking of Southeast Asia as a Region. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 27:55-76.
Ackleson, J. 1999. Discourses of Identity and Territoriality on the US-Mexico Border. Geopolitics 4:155-179.
Aigner-Varoz, E. 2000. Metaphors of a Mestiza Consciousness: Anzaldua’s Borderlands/La Frontera. MELUS 25:47-62.
Alvarez, R. 1995. The Mexican -US Border: The Making of an Anthropology of Borderlands. Annual Review of Anthropology 24:447-470.
Alvarez, R., and G. Collier. 1994. The Long Haul in Mexican Trucking: Traversing the Borderlands of the North and South American Ethnologist 21:607-627.
Anderson, B. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. Revised and expanded edition. London: Verso.
Anderson, J., and L. O’Dowd. 1999. Borders, Border Regions and Territoriality: Contradictory Meanings, Changing Significance. Regional Studies 33:593-604.
Anderson, M. 1996. Frontiers: Territory and State Formation in the Modern World. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Anzaldúa, G. 1987. Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza. San Francisco: Spinsters/Aunt Lute.
Appadurai, A. 1996. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Arreola, D., and J. Curtis. 1993. The Mexican Border Cities: Landscape Anatomy and Place Personality. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Avalos, D., and J. Welchman. 1996. “Response to the Philosophical Brothel,” in Rethinking Borders. Edited by J. Welchman. London: Macmillan.
Barth, F. 1969. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Cultural Differences. London Allen & Unwin.
Bartlett, R., and A. Mackay, (eds.). 1989. Medieval Frontier Societies. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Behar, R. 1993. Translated Woman: Crossing the Border with Esperanza’s Story. Boston: Beacon.
Beltran, C. 2004. Patrolling Borders: Hybrids, Hierarchies and the Challenge of Mestizaje. Political Research Quarterly 57:595-607.
Benda, H. J. 1969. “The Structure of Southeast Asian History: Some Preliminary Observations,” in Man, State, and Society in Contemporary Southeast Asia. Edited by R. O. Tilman. London: Pall Mall Press.
Bernard, I. 1997. Gloria Anzaldúa’s Queer Mestijaze. MELUS 22:35-53.
Billington, R. 1967. “The American Frontier,” in Beyond the Frontier: Social Process and Cultural Change. Edited by P. Bohannan and F. Plog. New York: American Museum Sourcebooks in Anthropology.
Blake, G., (ed.). 1994. World Boundaries Series. Vol. 1-5. London: Routledge. Borneman, J. 1998a. Subversion of International Order: Studies in the Political Anthropology of Culture. Albany: State University of New York Press.
--------.1998b. “Grenzregime (border regime): the Wall and its Aftermath,” in Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers. Edited by T. M. Wilson and H. Donnan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brunet-Jailly, E. 2005. Theorizing Borders: An Interdisciplinary Perspective.Geopolitics 10:633-649.
Bucken-Knapp, G. 2002. Testing our Borders: Questions of National and Regional Identity in the Oresund Region. Journal of Baltic Studies 33:199-219.
Calderon, H., and J. D. Saldivar, (eds.). 1991. Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicano Literature, Culture and Ideology. Durham: Duke University Press.
Camara, F., and V. Kemper, (eds.). 1979. Migration across Frontiers: Mexico and the United States. Albany: State University of New York.
Carne, L. d. 2000. Travels on the Mekong, Cambodia, Laos, and Yunnan: The Political and Trade Report of the Mekong Exploration Commission (June 1866-June 1868). Bangkok: White Lotus Press.
Carsten, J. 1998. “Borders, Boundaries, Tradition and State on the Malaysian Periphery,” in Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers. Edited by T. M. Wilson and H. Donnan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chiro, G. D. 2004. “Living Is for Everyone”: Border Crossings for Community, Environment, and Health. Osiris (2nd Series) 19:112-129.
Delaporte, L. 1998. A Pictorial Journey on the Old Mekong- Cambodia, Laos, and Yunnan: The Mekong Exploration Commission Report (1866-1868). Vol. 3. Bangkok: White Lotus Press.
Donnan, H., and D. Haller. 2000. Liminal No More: The Relevance of Borderland Studies. Ethnologia Europaea 30:7-23.
Donnan, H., and T. Wilson. 1994. Border Approaches: Anthropological Perspectives on Frontiers. Lanham: University Press of America.
--------.1999. Borders: Frontiers of Identity, Nation, and State. Oxford and New York: Berg.
--------.2003. Territoriality, Anthropology, and the Interstitial: Subversion and Support in European Borderlands. Focaal-European Journal of Anthropologist 9-20.
Driessen, H. 1998. “The ‘New Immigration’ and the Transformation of the European-African Frontier,” in Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers. Edited by T. M. Wilson and H. Donnan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dyen, I. 1960. The Frontiers of “Burma”: Comment. Comparative Studies in Society and History 3:69-73.
Earle, R. L., and J. D. Wirth, (eds.). 1995. Identity in the North America: The Search for Community. Stanford: Stanford University Press
Emmerson, D. K. 1984. Southeast Asia: What’s in a Name? Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 15.
Ewing, K. P. 1998. Crossing Borders and Transgressing Boundaries: Metaphors for Negotiating Multiple Identities. Ethos 26:262-267.
Fischer, E. 1949. On Boundaries. World Politics 1:196-222.
Flores, R. 1993. History ‘Los Pastores’ and the shifting Poetics of Dislocation. Journal of Historical Sociology 6:164-185.
--------.1995. Private Vision, Public Culture: The Making of the Alamo. Cultural Anthropology 10:99-115.
Flynn, D. 1997. “We Are the Border”: Identity, Exchange, and the State along the Benin-Nigeria Border. American Ethnologist 24:311-330.
Forsberg, T. 1996. Beyond Sovereignty, Within Territoriality: Mapping the Space of Late-modern (Geo) Politics. Cooperation & Conflict 31:355-386.
Fox, R., (ed.). 1991. Recapturing Anthropology. Santa Fe: School of American Research.
Friedman, J. 1994. Cultural Identity and Global Process. London: Sage.
Garnier, F. 1996a. Travels in Cambodia and Part of Laos: The Mekong Exploration Commission Report (1866-1868). Vol. 1. Bangkok: White Lotus Press.
--------.1996b. Further Travels in Laos and in Yunnan: The Mekong Exploration Commission Report (1866-1868) Vol. 2. Bangkok: White Lotus Press.
Giddens, A. 1984. “Time, Space, and Regionalisation,” in Social Relations and Spatial Structure. Edited by D. Gregory and J. Urry. London: Macmillan.
Goblet, Y. M. 1955. Political Geography and the World Map. London.
Gupta, A., and J. Ferguson. 1992. Beyond ‘Culture’: Space, Identity, and Politics of Difference. Cultural Anthropology 7:6-23.
Gupta, A., and J. Ferguson, (eds.). 1997a. Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Haller, D. 2003. Place and Ethnicity in two Merchant Diasporas: A Comparison of Sindhis and Jews in Gibraltar. Global Networks 3:75-96.
Hartshorne, R. 1936. Suggestions on the Terminology of Political Boundaries. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 26:56-57.
Herrera-Sobek, M. 1990. The Mexican Corridor: A Feminist Analysis. Bloomington: Indiana University Press
Hicks, D. E. 1991. Border Writing: The Multidimensional Text. Minneapolis and Oxford: University of Minnesota Press.
Hirsch, P. 1999. Beyond the Nation State: Natural Resource Conflict and ‘National Interest’ in Mekong Hydropower Development. Golden Gate University Law Review 29:399-414.
Horstmann, A., and R. L. Wadley, (eds.). 2006. Centering the Margin: Agency and Narrative In Southeast Asian Borderlands. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.
Hu, H.-C. 1942. Frontier Tribes of Southwest China. Far Eastern Survey 11:116-120.
Jakkrit S. 2003. “Charting the Mekong: A Configuration of the GMS ‘Geo-body’ for Development,” in RCSD International Conference ‘Politics of the Commons: Articulating Development and Strengthening Local Practice’. Chiang Mai, Thailand.
--------.2006a. Border Riverscape: Negotiating Space and Identity Construction of the Long-Distance River Traders under the Greater Mekong Subregional Trade Regime. M.A. thesis, Chiang Mai University.
--------.2006b. “Border River Community ‘At Large’: Mobility and Identity Construction of the Long-distance Mekong Boat Traders,” in The regional seminar ‘Regionalization of Development: Redefining Local Culture, Space and Identity in the Mekong Region. Luang Prabang, Lao PDR.
--------.2009. Mekong Border Riverscape: Space and Identity Construction of the Lao Long-distance Boat Traders. Saarbrücken: Verlag Dr. Muller
Jordan, T. G. 1993. North American Cattle-Ranching Frontiers: Origins, Diffusion, and Differentiation. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Kirk, W. 1962. The Inner Asian Frontier of India. Transactions and Papers 31:131-168.
Kraenzel, C. F. 1995. The Great Plains in Transition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Leach, E. 1954. Political Systems of Highland Burma: A Study of Kachin Social Structure. Boston: Beacon Press.
--------.1960. The Frontiers of “Burma”. Comparative Studies in Society and History 3:49-68.
Lecker, R., (ed.). 1991. Borderlands: Essays in Canadian American Relations. Toronto: ECW Press.
Lefevre-Pontalis, P. 2000. Travel in Upper Laos and on the Borders of Yunnan and Burma: The Pavie Mission Indochina Papers 1879-1895. Vol. 5. Bangkok: White Lotus Press.
Luebke, F. C. 1984. Regionalism and the Great Plains: problems of Concept and method. Western Historical Quarterly 15:19-38.
Martinez, O. J. 1994. Border People: Life and Society in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Matthews, A. 1992. Where the Buffalo Roam. New York: Grove Weidenfeld.
McCloud, D. G. 1986. System and Process in Southeast Asia: The Evolution of a Region. Boulder Westview Press.
Mignolo, W. D. 2000. Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Minghi, J. 1963. Boundary Studies in Political Geography. Annuals of the Association of American Geographers 53:407-428.
Morris, P. 1999. Regional Ideas and the Montana-Alberta Borderlands. Geographical Review 89:469-490.
Mouhot, H. 1864. Diary: Travels in the Central Parts of Indo-China (Siam), Cambodia, and Laos during 1858-1861. Bangkok: White Lotus Press.
Nevins, J. 2002. Operation Gatekeeper: The Rise of the ‘Illegal Alien’ and the Making of the US-Mexico Boundary. London: Routledge.
Newman, D., and A. Paasi. 1998. Fences and Neighbours in the Postmodern World: Boundary Narratives in Political Geography. Progress in Human Geography 22:168-207.
Norins, M. 1939. Tribal Boundaries of the Burma-Yunnan Frontier. Pacific Affairs 12:67-79.
Osborne, M. 1996. River Road to China: The Search for the Source of the Mekong, 1866-73. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
--------.2000. The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future. Singapore: Allen & Unwin.
Paasi, A. 1999. “The Political Geography of Boundaries at the End of the Millennium: Challenges of the De-territorializing World,” in Curtain Iron and Gold: Reconstructing Borders and Scales of Interaction. Edited by H. Esklinen, Ikka Liikanen and Jakka Oksa, pp. 9-24. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Paredes, A. 1958. “The Problem of identity in a Changing Culture: Popular Expressions of Culture Conflict along the Lower Rio Grande Border,” in The Problems of Immigration: A North American View. Edited by S. Ross. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Pinkaew L. 2006. Women, Nation, and the Ambivalence of Subversive Identification along the Thai-Burmese Border. Sojourn 21:68-89.
--------.2008. “Re-Imagining Nation: Women’s Rights and the Transnational Movement of Shan Women in Thailand and Burma,” in Transborder Issues in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. Edited by Suchada Thaweesit, P. Vail, and R. Sciortino. Ubon Ratchathani: Mekong Sub-region Social Research Centre.
Prescott, J. R. 1965. The Geography of Frontiers and Boundaries London: Hutchinson.
Raj, K. V. 2006. Paradoxes on the Borders of Europe. International Feminist Journal of Politics 8:512-534.
Rajah, A. 1999. Southeast Asia: Comparatist Errors and the Construction of a Region. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 27:41-53.
Rosaldo, R. 1991. “Fables of the Fallen Guy,” in Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicano Literature, Culture and Ideology. Edited by H. Calderon and J. D. Saldivar. Durham: Duke University Press.
Rouse, S., (ed.). 1991. Mexican Migration and the Social Space of Postmodernism. Diaspora 1:8-23.
Rubel, A. J. 1978. “The Problems of Immigration: A North American View,” in Views across the Border. Edited by S. Ross. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Sadowski-Smith, C., (ed.). 2002. Globalisation on the Line: Culture, Capital, and Citizenship at US Borders. New York: Palgrave.
Saldívar, J. D. 1997. Border Matters: Remapping American Cultural Studies. San Francisco: University of California Press.
Semple, E. C. 1911. Influences in Geographic Environment. New York: Holt.
Sharp, P. F. 1952. The Northern Great Plains: A Study in Canadian-American Regionalism. Mississippi Valley Historical Review 39:61-76.
Smorkaloff, P. M. 1994. Shifting Borders, Free Trade, and Frontier Narratives: US, Canada, and Mexico. American Literary History 6:88-102.
Solomon, R. 1970. Boundary Concepts and Practices in Southeast Asia. World Politics 23:1-23.
Stuadt, K. 1998. Free Trade? Informal Economies at the US-Mexico Border. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Sturgeon, J. 2005. Border Landscapes: The Politics of Akha Land Use in China and Thailand. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
Suchada T., P. Vail, and R. Sciortino, (eds.). 2008. Transborder Issues in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. Ubon Ratchthani: Mekong Sub-region Social Research Centre.
Thongchai W. 1994. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-body of a Nation. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
Toyota, M. 2002. Review: Borders: Frontiers of Identity, Nation, and State. Social Anthropology 10:107-108.
--------.2003. Contested Chinese Identities among Ethnic Minorities in the China, Burma, and Thai Borderlands. Ethnic and Racial Studies 26:301-320. Tsing, A. L. 1994. From the Margins. Cultural Anthropology 9:279-297.
--------.2005. Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Turner, F. 1920. The Frontier in American History. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Velez-Ibanez, C. 1996. Border Visions of One World: An Anthropology of US Mexicans of the Southwest. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Vertovec, S. 1999. Conceiving and Researching Transnationalism. Ethnic and Racial Studies 22:447-462.
Vila, P. 2003b. “Gender and Overlapping Region, Nation, and Ethnicity on the US-Mexico Border,” in Ethnography at the Border. Edited by P. Vila, pp. 73-104. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press.
Vila, P., (ed.). 2003a. Ethnography at Border. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Walker, A. 2008. “Borders in Motion on the Upper Mekong: Siam and France in 1980s,” in Recherches nouvelles sur le Laos / New research on Laos. Edited by Y. Goudineau and M. Lorrillard. Paris: Ecole française d’Extrême-Orient.
Wasan P. 2007. Re-Emplacing Homeland: Mobility, Locality, a Returned Exile and a Thai Restaurant in Southwest China. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 8:117-135.
Weaver, T., and T. E. Downing, (eds.). 1976. Mexican Migration. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Widdis, R. W. 1997. Borders, Borderlands and Canadian Identity: A Canadian Perspective. International Journal of Canadian Studies 15:49-66.
Wijeyewardene, G., (ed.). 1990. Ethnic Groups across National Boundaries in Mainland Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Wilson, T., and H. Donnan, (eds.). 1998. Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wright, M. 1998. Maquiladaro Mestizas and a Feminist Border Politics: Revisiting Anzaldúa. Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 13:114-131.