Para-rubber Farmer’s Household Livelihoods under Para-rubber and Economic Animal Production System in Three Southern Border Provinces
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Abstract
This research aimed to study a para-rubber and economic animal production system, and livelihoods of para-rubber farmer households in three southern border provinces, i.e., Yala, Narathiwat, and Pattani provinces. The samples were 57 para-rubber farmers having the para-rubber and economic animal production system. Descriptive statistics and manifest content analysis were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed the main objective of the production system was to be as the main occupation of the households. The important economic animals were cattle, chicken, and goat. The trend most affecting the para-rubber farmers’ household livelihoods was the change in natural resources and environment, especially soil degradation. Their household livelihood assets were overall at a low level. More than half of the para-rubber farmer households gained supports from the related government agencies. The key livelihood strategy of the para-rubber farmer households was modification of food consumption patterns. The para-rubber farmers’ household livelihood outcomes were overall at a low level.
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