Reference Style

The JSSNU uses the American Psychological Association (6th edition) style, or APA6. There are two types of reference styles, as follows:

1. In-text Citation: Use the “author-date citation system” to identify the source of the information by specifying the author, year of publication, and page number of the document before or after the text to be cited. Please use a comma (,) to separate the text as follows:

   • 1.1 Papers in Thai must specify the author's first name followed by last names. For papers in foreign languages, specify only the last name of the author.

   • 1.2 For Thai papers with two authors, use the conjunction "และ (and)" between their names. For papers in foreign languages, use the conjunction "and" or the symbol "&" between author names.

   • 1.3 For three authors, use a comma (,) between the first two authors' names and the word "และ (and)" between the second and third authors in Thai papers. For papers in foreign languages, use the "&" symbol between the second author and the third author.

   • 1.4 If there are more than three authors, please specify the name of the first author followed by the word "และคณะ (et al.)" in Thai papers and "et al." in foreign language papers.

   • 1.5 For papers in Thai, specify the B.E. (year). For foreign language papers, specify the A.D. (year). Please specify only numbers and use the year of the latest publication.

   • 1.6 Citing pages in Thai papers, use the word "น. (p.)". For foreign-language papers, use the word "p." when citing single page and "pp." when citing more than one page.

   • 1.7 Citing more than one document with different authors, write the authors’ names in alphabetical order, and separate with a semicolon (;). In cases where both Thai and foreign documents are cited simultaneously, begin with the Thai author first, such as (วุฒิกรณ์ ชูวัฒนานุรักษ์, 2561; Carson, 2016).

   • 1.8 When citing references inserted in texts without using the original document, specify the name of the original document and the words “อ้างอิงใน (cited in)” for Thai documents or "as cited in" for foreign-language documents.

   • 1.9 English usage patterns in Thai papers:

     • 1.9.1 Every unique name must begin with a capital letter, such as Berdmann or Lemmermann.

     • 1.9.2 English text, both inside and outside parentheses, use lower case, such as สื่อและเทคโนโลยีดิจิทัลจึงมาพร้อมกับการเข้าถึง (access) การใช้ (use)การนำมาปฏิบัติ (implementation)

     • 1.9.3 All abbreviations must be capitalized and should have a full word in the first use, such as (High Density Polyethylene: HDPE).

2. References
   • 2.1 If there are two authors, for Thai papers, use the conjunction “และ (and)” between the authors’ names. For papers in foreign languages, use a comma (,) between the first and last names of the authors and use the “&” symbol between their names.
   • 2.2 If there are three authors, for Thai papers, use a comma (,) between the first and second author names and the conjunction “และ (and)” between the second and third authors’ names. For papers in foreign languages, use a comma (,) between the first and last names of the authors, another comma (,) between the first and second authors’ names, and the symbol “&” between the second and third authors’ names.
   • 2.3 If there are three to seven authors, for Thai papers, specify all of the author names by using a comma (,) between the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors’ names and using the conjunction “และ (and)” between the sixth and seventh author names. For papers in foreign languages, specify all of the author names by using a comma (,) between the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors’ names and the symbol “&” between the sixth and seventh authors’ names.
   • 2.4 For authors of eight or more, enter the names of the first to last authors by using a comma (,) followed by the last author.
   • 2.5 References in Thai: specify all items and list them in Thai alphabetical order (ก-ฮ).
   • 2.6 Reference in Thai, the author has to translate the Thai reference documents into English by separating and adding them at the end of the Thai reference list under the heading “Translated Thai References” and sorting them in an alphabetical order (normal bibliography) and putting them in brackets as “[in Thai]”.
   • 2.7 References in foreign languages: specify all items and list in English alphabetical order (A-Z).
   • 2.8 For references with the same author's name and published the same year, for Thai papers, use the Thai letters ก ข ค ง... after the year of publication. For papers in foreign languages, use the English letters a, b, c, d... after the year of publication.
   • 2.9 In the titles of articles in foreign language bibliography, capitalize only the first character; the rest will be lowercase characters except  the first character following the symbol “:” or “;” or specific words, such as names of people or countries.
   • 2.10 Article titles or headings used in references must be in italics.
   • 2.11 The number of editions of the document that has been published; specify from the 2^nd edition onwards.
   • 2.12 If the document does not indicate the year of publication, for Thai papers, use the abbreviation “ม.ป.ป. (n.d.)” which stands for “ไม่ปรากฏปีที่พิมพ์ (no date)”:. For papers in foreign languages, use the abbreviation “n.d.” which stands for “no date”.
   • 2.13 For the document that does not indicate the place of printing, for Thai papers, use the abbreviation “ม.ป.ท. (n.p.)” which stands for “ไม่ปรากฏสถานที่พิมพ์ (No Place)”. For papers in foreign languages, use the abbreviation “N.P.” which stands for “no place”.
   • 2.14 For the document that does not indicate the name of the publisher, for Thai papers, use the abbreviation “ม.ป.พ. (n.p.)” which stands for “ไม่ปรากฏสำนักพิมพ์ (no publisher)”. For papers in foreign languages, use the abbreviation “n.p.” which stands for “no publisher”.
   • 2.15 For documents with an editor or a compiler, specify the name of the editor or compiler in the same place as the authors, followed by a parenthesis: (Editor) or (Compiler), or (Ed.) or (Comp.). In the case of a foreign language document with multiple editors, use (Eds.).
3. Footnote Citation
   is only used to further explain content or expand an idea by indicating relevant sources. It should not be complicated and must be written in short, concise, and easy-to-understand sentences. If it is too long, it should be cited and inserted in the body of the text
4. Thai Articles, once accepted for publication, the author is required to translate in-text citations into English to meet international standards, which are as follow:
   • 4.1 In case of citing Thai authors, write the name and surname before the parentheses and translate the author’s surname into English in the parentheses, such as “(Ussawarujikulchai, Hansuk, & Peerakiatkhajohn, 2011, p. 17)” (อัจฉรา อัศวรุจิกุลชัย, พิมลพรรณ หาญศึก และเพียงใจ พีระเกียรติขจร).
   • 4.2 In the case of foreign authors, put the author's last name in parentheses, for example, “(Sparviero & Ragnedda, 2021)”.