จากพระคุณที่สาม ถึง คศ.3: พลวัตวิชาชีพครู ว่าด้วยอำนาจและสถานภาพทางสังคมในสังคมไทย

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ภิญญพันธุ์ พจนะลาวัณย์

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งานวิจัย จากพระคุณที่สาม ถึง คศ.3: พลวัตวิชาชีพครู ว่าด้วยอำนาจและสถานภาพทางสังคมในสังคมไทย มีวัตถุประสงค์อยู่ 2 ประการ คือ ประการแรก เพื่อแสดงให้เห็นพลวัตของการผลิตครูในสังคมไทย ประการที่สองก็เพื่อนำเสนอบทบาทและสถานภาพของครูภายใต้โครงสร้างทางการเมือง สังคมและเศรษฐกิจที่เปลี่ยนแปลง งานชิ้นนี้ใช้การพิเคราะห์เชิงประวัติศาสตร์ (Historical approach) ผ่านการศึกษาเชิงเอกสารเป็นหลัก ผลการศึกษาคือ ความเป็นครูได้พัฒนาการมาตามประวัติศาสตร์ สถานภาพของพวกเขามักจะยืนอยู่ข้างเดียวกับผู้มีอำนาจและสัมพันธ์กับมิติทางศาสนาและความเชื่อ ในช่วงแรกข้าราชการครูมีเงินเดือนที่ต่ำเช่นเดียวกับข้าราชการทั่วไป แต่ได้รับการชดเชยด้วยสวัสดิการที่ครอบคลุมไปถึงครอบครัว ต่อมาหลังการปฏิรูปการศึกษาในทศวรรษ 2540 วิชาชีพครูได้ถูกยกระดับขึ้นมาไม่ว่าจะเป็นเงินเดือน และช่องทางการเติบโตผ่านระบบ “วิทยฐานะ” ที่ทำให้พวกเขามีเงินที่เพิ่มขึ้น การอยู่ภายใต้กระทรวงศึกษาธิการและยึดติดกับระบบราชการทำให้ครูถูกแยกขาดออกจากขบวนการแรงงาน เนื่องจากว่า ในสังคมข้าราชการนั้นการรวมตัว หรือเรียกร้องต่อรองต่อผู้บริหารซึ่งเป็นผู้บังคับบัญชานั้นอาจนำไปสู่ปัญหาด้านการงานได้เนื่องจากเป็นการเผชิญหน้าให้กับผู้ให้คุณให้โทษโดยตรงได้ และทำให้ข้าราชการครูจำนวนมากต้องแก้ไขปัญหาในนามปัจเจก ขณะที่ครูและบุคลากรอื่นที่อยู่ในโรงเรียนแต่อยู่นอกระบบราชการ มีโอกาสที่จะถูกเลือกปฏิบัติ อย่างไม่เท่าเทียมกับข้าราชการ การรวมตัวของครูที่เข้มแข็งเป็นอย่างยิ่งอยู่ในรูปของสหกรณ์ออมทรัพย์ครูในจังหวัดต่าง ๆ ที่ดำเนินการมาอย่างยาวนานและมีความเข้มแข็งทางการเงิน ในระยะหลังเสียงเรียกร้องถึงการรวมตัวในฐานะสหภาพครูดังขึ้นเรื่อย ๆ แสดงให้เห็นถึงความกระตือรือร้นทางการเมืองของคนในวิชาชีพครูที่สอดคล้องกับความเคลื่อนไหวทางการเมืองในระดับชาติไปด้วย


 

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พจนะลาวัณย์ ภ. (2024). จากพระคุณที่สาม ถึง คศ.3: พลวัตวิชาชีพครู ว่าด้วยอำนาจและสถานภาพทางสังคมในสังคมไทย. วารสารสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยนเรศวร, 20(1), 123–162. https://doi.org/10.69650/jssnu.2024.259865
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