กบฏชาวนาโค่นศักดินา: คุณค่าที่เพิ่งสร้างในประวัติศาสตร์จีน ฉบับพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์
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บทคัดย่อ
บทความนี้ศึกษาการสร้างความเข้าใจของพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์ต่อกบฏชาวนาจีนในประวัติศาสตร์ยุคโบราณ ผ่านการวิเคราะห์กบฏชาวนา 3 กลุ่ม อันได้แก่ กบฏเฉินเซิ่งอู๋ก่วง กบฏหวงเฉา และกบฏหลี่จื้อเฉิง ผลการศึกษาพบว่า พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์จีนพยายามเชื่อมโยงกบฏชาวนาให้สอดคล้องกับทฤษฎีการปฏิวัติทางชนชั้น โดยกำหนดให้ชนชั้นเจ้าที่ดินและผู้ปกครองมีบทบาทในการกดขี่ขูดรีดชนชั้นชาวนาภายใต้สังคมศักดินาจีนโบราณ การก่อการกบฏคือการพยายามต่อสู้ของชนชั้นล่าง อย่างไรก็ตาม กลุ่มชาวนาในประวัติศาสตร์จีนโบราณไม่ได้มีความเป็น “ชนชั้น” หรือมีสำนึกทางการเมืองเพื่อการปฏิวัติ กอปรกับทุกครั้งที่ก่อการกบฏแล้ว สังคมจีนก็ยังคงเป็นสังคมศักดินาดุจเดิม นอกจากนั้นการศึกษายังพบว่า พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์สามารถเลือกเฟ้นบทเรียนจากกบฏชาวนาเพื่อนำมาใช้ประโยชน์ในการปฏิวัติ เหมาเจ๋อตงผู้นำพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์มีบทบาทโดดเด่นในการเล่าเรื่อง “ความล้มเหลว” ของกบฏชาวนา เพื่อประโยชน์ในการนำการปฏิวัติของพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์ ที่น่าสนใจก็คือ การเล่าเรื่องเหล่านี้ยังดำเนินต่อเนื่องมาถึงยุคของสีจิ้นผิง แม้ว่าสาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีนจะสถาปนามาแล้วกว่า 7 ทศวรรษก็ตาม
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