สัตว์กับสิทธิ: ทฤษฎีการเมืองว่าด้วยการปลดปล่อยสัตว์
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
ประวัติศาสตร์ของปรัชญาและทฤษฎีการเมืองคือประวัติศาสตร์ที่แฝงไปด้วยอคติ มันคืออคติของการเชิดชูความสามารถของมนุษย์จนเกินจริง ยกให้การเมืองเป็นเรื่องของมนุษย์เท่านั้น ไม่ให้ความสำคัญกับสัตว์ในฐานะประเด็นทางการเมือง และละเลยการกดขี่ขูดรีดที่มนุษย์กระทำต่อสัตว์ อย่างไรก็ดี ในโลกยุคปัจจุบัน การทารุณกรรมที่มนุษย์กระทำต่อสัตว์ สิทธิสัตว์ และการปลดปล่อยสัตว์ ได้กลายเป็นประเด็นที่กำลังได้รับความนิยมมากขึ้นทั้งในขบวนการเคลื่อนไหวทางสังคมและในแวดวงวิชาการ บทความวิจัยชิ้นนี้ใช้วิธีการศึกษาค้นคว้าผ่านการอ่าน ตีความ วิเคราะห์ และวิพากษ์ทฤษฎีการเมืองร่วมสมัยว่าด้วยความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างมนุษย์กับสัตว์ สิทธิสัตว์ และการปลดปล่อยสัตว์ ทฤษฎีที่ว่านี้สามารถจัดแบ่งออกได้เป็นสามสำนักใหญ่ นั่นก็คือ เสรีนิยม สังคมนิยม และสตรีนิยม บทความชิ้นนี้ชี้ให้เห็นถึงจุดร่วมและจุดต่าง จุดแข็งและจุดอ่อน รวมไปถึงพัฒนาการและอุปสรรคของทฤษฎีจากทั้งสามสำนัก แม้จะมีความเห็นแตกต่างกันและยังไม่สามาถหาข้อสรุปร่วมกันได้ ทฤษฎีการเมืองทั้งสามสำนักต่างก็มีคุณูปการสำคัญ ไม่เพียงแต่ในแง่ของการเป็นทางเลือกให้กับทฤษฎีการเมืองกระแสหลัก หากแต่มันยังให้แรงบันดาลใจและส่งอิทธิพลต่อขบวนการเคลื่อนไหวมวลชนในปัจจุบันที่ต้องการปลดปล่อยสัตว์ให้มีเสรีภาพจากการกักขังและกดขี่ขูดรีดของมนุษย์
Downloads
Article Details
เอกสารอ้างอิง
Adams, C. (1999). Woman-battering and harm to animals. In C. Adams & J. Donovan (Eds.), Animals and women: Feminist theorical explorations (pp. 55-84). Durham: Duke University Press.
Adams, C. (2011). After Mackinnon: Sexual inequality in the animal movement. In J. Sanbonmatsu (Ed.), Critical theory and animal liberation (pp. 257-276). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Adams, C. (2015). The sexual politics of meat: A feminist-vegetarian critical theory. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Adams, C., & Donovan, J. (Eds.). (1999a). Animals and women: Feminist theorical explorations. Durham: Duke University Press.
Adams, C., & Donovan, J. (1999b). Introduction. In C. Adams & J. Donovan (Eds.), Animals and women: Feminist theorical explorations (pp. 1-8). Durham: Duke University Press.
Anderson, K., & Kuhn, K. (2014). Cowspiracy: The sustainability secret. Retrieved July 17, 2019, from http://www.cowspiracy.com
Aristotle. (2009). Politics (E. Barker, Trans.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Aussie Farms Repository. (2014, March 2). Day in the life of a sow [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.aussiefarms.org.au/vieos?id=8b389b1293
Aussie Farms Repository. (2015, June 14). ‘Thousand eyes’ - Australian animal agriculture [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.aussiefarms.org.au/videos?id=oJtxCOyPfZ
Aussie Farms Repository. (2017, September 15). Life on a chicken farm [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.aussiefarms.org.au/videos?id=f30e3a6bde
Bentham, J. (2007). Introduction to the principles of morals and legislation. New York: Dover Publications.
Benton, T. (1993). Natural relations: Ecology, animal rights & social justice. London: Verso.
Benton, T. (2011). Humanism = Speciesism? Marx on humans and animals. In J. Sanbonmatsu (Ed.), Critical theory and animal liberation (pp. 99-119). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Berger, J. (1980). Why look at animals. In About looking (pp. 3-28). New York: Pantheon Books.
Birke, L. (1999). Exploring the boundaries: Feminism, animals, and science. In C. Adams & J. Donovan (Eds.), Animals and women: Feminist theorical explorations (pp. 32-54). Durham: Duke University Press.
Bogss, C. (2011). Corporate power, ecological crisis, and animal rights. In J. Sanbonmatsu (Ed.), Critical theory and animal liberation (pp. 71-96). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Capps, A. (2013). Catching up with science: Burying the ‘humans need meat’ argument. Retrieved July 17, 2019, from https://freefromharm.org/health-nutrition/catching-up-with-science-buring-the-humans-need-meat-argument/
Charlton, A., Coce, S., & Francione, G. (1993). The american left should support an animal rights: A manifesto. The Animals’ Agenda, 28–34.
Cochrane, A. (2010). An introduction to animals and political theory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Davis, K. (2011). Procrustean solutions to animal identity and welfare problems. In J. Sanbonmatsu (Ed.), Critical theory and animal liberation (pp. 35-53). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Delforce, C. (2018). Dominion. Retrieved July 17, 2019, from https://www.dominionmovement.com
Descartes, R. (1998). Discourse on method (D. Cress, Trans.). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company.
Devries, M. (Director). (2013). Speciesism [Motion Picture]. United States: Amazon Prime Video.
Dominick, B. (1997). Animal liberation and social revolution. Retrieved October 28, 2019, from https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/brian-a-dominick-animal-liberation-and-social-revolution
Donaldson, S., & Kimlicka, W. (2011). Zoopolis: A political theory of animal rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Donovan, J. (2011). Sympathy and interspecies care: Toward a unified theory of eco- and animal movement. In J. Sanbonmatsu (Ed.), Critical theory and animal liberation (pp. 277-294). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Dunayer, J. (1999). Sexist words, speciesist roots. In C. Adams & J. Donovan (Eds.), Animals and women: Feminist theorical explorations (pp. 11-31). Durham: Duke University Press.
Foster, J., & Clark, B. (2018). Marx and alienated speciesism. Retrieved July 17, 2019, from https://monthlyreview.org/2018/12/01/marx-and-alienated-speciesism/
Francione, G. (1999). Abortion and animal rights: Are they comparable issues?.In C. Adams & J. Donovan (Eds.), Animals and women: Feminist theorical explorations (pp. 149-159). Durham: Duke University Press.
Francione, G. (2000). Introduction to animal rights: Your child or the dog?. Philadelphia: Temple University.
Francione, G. (2004). Animals—property or persons. In C. Sunstein & M. Nussbaum (Eds.), Animal rights: Current debates and new directions (pp. 108-142). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Frost, W. (Ed.). (2011). Zoo and tourism: Conservation, education, and entertainment?. Buffalo: Channel View Publications.
Garner, R. (2003). Political ideologies and the moral status of animals. Journal of Political Ideologies, 8(2), 233-246.
Grant, J., & Jungkunz, V. (Eds.), (2011a). Political theory and the animal/human relationship. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Grant, J., & Jungkunz, V. (2011b). Introduction: The importance of the animal/human question for political theory. In J. Grant & V. Jungkunz (Eds.), Political theory and the animal/human relationship (pp. 1-19). Albany: State University of New York Press.
Gruen, L. (2011). Ethics and animals: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kenner, R. (Director). (2009). Food Inc [Motion Picture]. United States: Amazon Prime Video.
Kymlicka, W., & Donaldson, S. (2014). Animal rights, multiculturalism, and the left. Social Philosophy, 45(1), 116-135.
Llorente, R. (2011). Reflections on the prospects for a non-speciesist marxism. In J. Sanbonmatsu (Ed.), Critical theory and animal liberation (pp. 121-135). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Macdonald, B. (2011). Marx and the human/animal dialectic. In J. Grant & V. Jungkunz (Eds.), Political theory and the animal/human relationship (pp. 23-48). Albany: State University of New York Press.
Mackinnon, C. (2004). Of mice and men: A feminist fragment on animal rights. In C. Sunstein & M. Nussbaum (Eds.), Animal rights: Current debates and new directions (pp. 263-276). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Marx, K. (1977). Economic and philosophical manuscripts. In D. McLellan (Ed.), Karl Marx: Selected writings (pp. 75-112). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Marx, K. (1990). Capital, volume I (B. Fowkes, Trans.). London: Penguin Books.
Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1977). The communist manifesto. In D. McLellan (Ed.), Karl Marx: Selected writings (pp. 245-272). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nibert, D. (2002). Animal rights/human rights: Entanglements of oppression and liberation. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Nibert, D. (2013). Animal oppression & human violence. New York: Columbia University Press.
Nusbaum, M. (2004). Beyond “compassion and humanity”: Justice for nonhuman animals. In C. Sunstein & M. Nussbaum (Eds.), Animal rights: Current debates and new directions (pp. 229-320). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pachirat, T. (2013). Every twelve seconds: Industrialized slaughter and the politics of sight. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Painter, C. (2016). Non-human animals within contemporary capitalism: A Marxist account of non-human animal liberation. Capital & Class, 40(2), 325-343.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). (2015). The REAL price of meat [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKeE_SPSbio&has_verified=1
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). (2017a). Chicks crushed, drowned, and burned to death for eggs and flesh [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch v=9tB39wFemFY&list=PL4EBAF089CA8541A0&index=14&has_verified=1
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). (2017b). Footage from cruel pig farms exposes the ‘initiative for animal welfare’ as consumer fraud [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
HmoAmUCJn14&list=PL4EBAF089CA8541A0&index=19
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). (2019a). Animal abuse and human abuse: Partners in crime. Retrieved July 17, 2019, from https://www.peta.org/issues/animal-companion-issues/animal-companion-factsheets/animal-abuse-human-abuse-partners-crime/
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). (2019b). Puppy mills. Retrieved July 17, 2019, from https://www.peta.org/issues/animal-companion-issues/pet-trade/puppy-mills/
Perlo, K. (2002). Marxism and the underdog. Society & Animals, 10(3), 303-318.
Petre, A. (2016). 6 science-based health benefits of eating vegan. Retrieved July 17, 2019, from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vegan-diet-benefits
Plato. (2000). The trial and death of socrates (G. Grube, Trans.). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company.
Plato. (2007). The republic (D. Lee, Trans.). New York: Penguin Books.
Quinn, C. D. (2017). Eating animals. Retrieved July 17, 2019, from http://www.eatinganimalsmovie.com
Rahim, L. (2018). Six reasons to go vegan, according to science. Retrieved July 17, 2019, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/body/six-reasons-go-vegan-according-science/
Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Regan, T. (2004). The case for animal rights. Berkley: University of California Press.
Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2017). Meat and seafood production & consumption. Retrieved July 17, 2019, from https://ourworldindata.org/meat-and-seafood-production-consumption#per-capita-trends-in-meat-consumption
Rowland, M. (2009). Animal rights: Moral theory and practice. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sanbomatu, J. (Ed.). (2011a). Critical theory and animal liberation. Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Sanbomatu, J. (Ed.). (2011b). Introduction. In J. Sanbonmatsu (Ed.), Critical theory and animal liberation (pp. 55-69). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Singer, P. (2002). Animal liberation. New York: HarperCollins. (Original work published 1975).
Singer, P. (2004). Ethics beyond species and beyond instincts: A response to Richard Posner. In C. Sunstein, & M. Nussbaum (Eds.), Animal rights: Current debates and new directions (pp. 51-92). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Soron, D. (2011). Road kill: Commodity fetishism and structural violence. In J. Sanbonmatsu (Ed.), Critical theory and animal liberation (pp. 55-69). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Soronson, J. (2011). Constructing extremists, rejecting compassion: Ideological attacks on animal advocacy from right and left. In J. Sanbonmatsu (Ed.), Critical theory and animal liberation (pp. 219-237). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Stache, C. (2018). On the origins of animalist Marxism. Retrieved July 18, 2019, from https://monthlyreview.org/2018/12/01/on-the-origins-of-animalist-marxism/
Sunstein, C. (2004). Introduction: What are animal rights?. In C. Sunstein & M. Nussbaum (Eds.), Animal rights: Current debates and new directions (pp. 3-15). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sunstein, C., & Nussbaum, M. (2004). Animal rights: Current debates and new directions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Torres, B. (2007). Making a killing: The political economy of animal rights. Oakland: AK Press.
Wilde, L. (2000). The creatures, too, must become free? Marx and the animal/human distinction. Capital & Class, 24(3), 37-53.
Wise, S. (2004). Animal rights, one step at a time. In C. Sunstein & M. Nussbaum (Eds.), Animal rights: Current debates and new directions (pp. 19-50). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
