วินัยและการลงทัณฑ์ ในประวัติศาสตร์การศึกษาไทย (พ.ศ.2475-2563)
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บทคัดย่อ
บทความวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์อยู่ 2 ประการคือ ประการแรก เพื่อแสดงให้เห็นถึงพลวัตความรุนแรงภายใสถาบันการศึกษาไทยอันเกิดจากแนวคิดการควบคุมและการลงทัณฑ์นักเรียน และประการที่สอง เพื่อแสดงให้เห็นถึงความเปลี่ยนแปลงทางอารมณ์ของกลุ่มผู้คนในสังคมไทยที่มีต่อความรุนแรงภายในสถานศึกษาทั้งผู้สนับสนุนและผู้คัดค้าน บทความวิจัยนี้ใช้วิธีการทางประวัติศาสตร์โดยศึกษาผ่านการใช้เอกสารชั้นต้นเป็นหลัก ข้อค้นพบของการศึกษานี้คือ การก่อตัวของอารมณ์และเหตุผลของรัฐและสังคมไทยในการควบคุมและการลงทัณฑ์นักเรียนนำไปสู่สิ่งที่เรียกว่า “ระเบียบวินัยฉบับวัฒนธรรม” โดยให้ความสำคัญกับการอภิปรายเรือนร่างของนักเรียนผ่านเครื่องแบบและทรงผม ขณะเดียวกันก็ให้ความสำคัญกับพื้นที่แห่งระเบียบวินัยอย่างโรงเรียนว่ามีบทบาทคล้ายอำนาจสถาปัตยกรรมแบบ Panopticon ของมิเชล ฟูโกต์ อย่างไรก็ตามปัจเจกของนักเรียนมิได้ถูกสร้างด้วย Panopticon เท่านั้น แต่ยังถูกหล่อหลอมผ่านพิธีกรรมที่ผนึกแน่นอยู่กับแกนหลักอย่างชาติ ศาสน์ กษัตริย์ การอยู่ภายใต้สถานะอันสูงส่งของครู เช่นเดียวกับอำนาจกดทับจากรัฐบาลเผด็จการในรัฐประหารที่เกิดขึ้นตลอด กระนั้นจุดที่ขัดแย้งกับอำนาจดังกล่าวก็คือ พลังสำคัญในทศวรรษ 2550 อย่างโซเชียลมีเดียทำให้สามัญชนมีลักษณะเป็นสื่อมวลชนโดยตัวเอง นักเรียนในโรงเรียนก็เริ่มมีปากเสียงและต่อสู้กับระเบียบอันไม่เป็นธรรม ภายใต้แพลตฟอร์มออนไลน์อย่างทวิตเตอร์ และกิจกรรมออฟไลน์อันทรงพลังอย่างที่ไม่เคยเป็นมาก่อน
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