Effects of Marigold Crude Extract Supplementation in Diets on Body and Caudal Fin Coloration Intensity in Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens)
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Abstract
Siamese fighting fish is an economically important ornamental fish popular among aquarists for its variety of patterns and colors. The shade and intensity of its color are correlated with the pigment intake from the diet. A commonly used natural source in fish feed supplementation is marigold flower, which contains high levels of lutein in the carotenoid group. However, information on the optimal concentration of marigold extract for maximizing color enhancement in this species remains limited. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing marigold extract, prepared with 95% ethanol, in the diet at levels of 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7% on improving the color intensity of the body and caudal fin of the fish over a period of 5 weeks. Color assessment was performed using the RGB system from photographs. The results showed that marigold extract supplementation significantly enhanced the color intensity of the body and caudal fin, with the 5% level (3.66 mg/ml estimated lutein content) yielding the best results for all color values (R, G, B) on both the body (average R-value increase of 55.05) and caudal fin (average R-value increase of 48.29) when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). This study confirms the potential of marigold extract to enhance the coloration of this ornamental fish, with the 5% level being the appropriate inclusion rate.
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