LOCAL ARTISANS OF NAKHON: PHRA LAK AND THE ARTISAN LINEAGE IN NAKHON SI THAMMARAT, THAILAND

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Nakhon Si Thammarat has a rich tradition of crafting Buddha images, particularly the silver repousse Phra Lak, which plays a central role in rituals and the Chak Phra procession. However, due to a shortage of artisans, the craft is in decline and faces the risk of disappearing if not preserved. The objectives of this study are to gather, organize, and examine knowledge concerning Phra Lak (Dragged Buddha Images) in Southern Thailand, with a focus on the artisan traditions of Nakhon Si Thammarat. The study also aims to apply this knowledge to the processes production and the creation of works within local artisan lineage, ensuring its transmission to future generations and promoting wider recognition of the tradition.

Methodology: This study was conducted using qualitative research combined with practical exercises. The study involved practical implementation through the actual creation of Phra Lak images and the training of new artisans. Data collection techniques included general and in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, and both primary and secondary document analysis. These methods produced practical applications and reflective outcomes.

Main Results: The findings reveal that: 1) The Phra Lak images created by artisans of the Nakhon Si Thammarat are predominantly made of silver in the "Alms-Holding" posture. These images are crafted through a distinctive process involving carved wood covered with embossed silver sheets, decorated with gold and alloyed copper (Naak), and designed to be disassembled like traditional puppets. This meticulous and complex technique requires high expertise in both woodworking and metalwork. Today, such images can still be found in temples like Wat Chantharam, Wat Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan, and the Phutthasihing Hall, though very few original artisans remain; 2) The creative application of Phra Lak knowledge resulted in three innovative art products, a table, a tray, and a wall installation, which demonstrated how traditional techniques could contribute to creative economic development and provide income-generating opportunities for artisans; 3) A training program successfully transferred knowledge to seven new artisans, contributing to the continuity of this unique cultural heritage; and 4) Public dissemination was achieved through research exhibitions, displays of Phra Lak artworks, revival events of traditional Phra Lak ceremonies, and media publications.

Involvement to Buddhadhamma: This research falls under the category of applied Buddhism, promoting understanding of Buddhism, particularly through the transmission of the traditional Phra Lak creation techniques from the Nakhon Si Thammarat artisan lineage to younger generations. Promoting the Buddhist principles of compassion, understanding, and interdependence exemplifies cultural revitalization while nurturing harmony among religions and the development of Buddhist innovations that offer socio-economic solutions and generate communal value.

Conclusions: Buddhist art can sustain cultural identity, foster community pride, and create practical income opportunities through local wisdom, and foster interdependence, serving as a model for cultural revival and interfaith harmony. The Phra Lak craftsmanship of Nakhon Si Thammarat, which has long been admired for its intricate silver and gold artistry, now survives through the work of only a few remaining artisans. This research underscores the urgency of preserving the tradition. Strong support from both government and local communities, in funding, education, and policy, is essential for improving artisans' livelihoods, nurturing future generations, and ensuring the lasting continuity of this cultural heritage.