The Development of Natural Dye from Plants in Anthocyanin group for Staining Plant Tissue
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Abstract
Plant tissue are studied by using the Free-hand method and cell staining is studied under a light microscope. The preferred dye is Safranin-O, which is available only expensive. Therefore, there are study the extraction of natural dyes to substitute synthetic dye. But due to its inconvenient when use, cannot produce the required quantity, difficult to store for long-term use and unable to control the colorfastness of the samples studied. Then, this research aims to develop natural dyes from part of plants in anthocyanin group for dyeing plant tissues. Three types were selected, heartwood of Sappan tree (Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod.), pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) and bract of bougainvillea (Bougainvillea sp.). Extraction method by using distilled water, methyl alcohol and acetic acid and adding mordant NaCl CuSo4 at a concentration of 10%. Staining test with plant tissues of little ironweed (Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob) compared with Safranin-O concentration of solution 0.1%. The result was natural dye of Sappan tree extracted with distilled water and CuSO4 mordant has best result with pH=2.98, a reddish tint, L*=25.15, a*=24.91 and b*=18.07, which is closest to Safranin-O. Natural dye extracted from distilled water and CuSO4 mordant for spray drying. Inlet temperatures test at 210, 220 and 230 oC, found that 210 ๐C is the most suitable temperature for evaporating water from the paint. The moisture content in the standard range
(7.5 %db) and the highest natural pigment content (58.3 %yield) were obtained with a statistically significant level of .05. The optimum ratio of natural pigment dyeing to distilled water solubility was determined. The ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:5 and 1:10 showed that the ratio of 1:1 had the best effect on the colorfastness of the flesh. Compared with before spray drying method. pH=3.22, L*=22.47, a*=20.33 and b*=16.51. Therefore, it is advisable to use the natural dye essence of Sappan tree extract with distilled water and added mordant CuSO4 in cell and plant tissue dyeing to substitute Safranin-O dyes.
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