Adsorption of rhodamine B dye onto activated carbon from coconut shell
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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the adsorption of Rhodamine B dye using activated carbon from coconut shell. Char was prepared by carbonizing finely ground coconut shell at the temperature of 450 °C for 1 hour in a confined environment. The char was activated by mixing the char and KOH at a mass ratio of 1:3 and then burnt at 500 °C for 1 hour in a confined environment. The activated carbon was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm at 77K, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope techniques. It was found that the adsorbent had a specific surface area of 1,091 m2/g and an average pore size of 1.17 nm. There was a carboxyl group on the adsorbent. The porous surface of the absorbent was observed. The batch experiment was divided into 5 parts. Firstly, the effect of contact time on the adsorption was investigated. It was found that the dye uptake increases rapidly in the first 10 min and then equilibrated within 60 min. Secondly, the influence of initial dye concentration on the adsorption was studied. It was found that the amount of dye adsorbed increased with the initial dye concentration. Thirdly, the influence of temperature was conducted. An increase in the temperature caused an increase in dye uptake. Fourthly, the effect of the initial pH on the adsorption was investigated. The result exhibits that the amount of dye adsorbed decreased with an increase in the initial pH. Finally, the desorption was studied. It reveals that desorption occurred in the distilled water, 0.1 M NaOH and acetonitrile. The highest adsorption was taken placed under a condition contact time of 60 min, initial dye concentration of 250 mg/L, temperature of 50 °C and pH of 2.0. From the results, it is obvious that the activated carbon from the coconut shell can be used as an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of rhodamine B dye.
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