COVID-19 Pandemic Management in Thai Prisons: A Multiple Case Study of Three Provincial Central Prisons
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Abstract
In 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic spread globally and significantly affected inmates in Thailand's correctional facilities. This study aims to examine and identify effective measures for managing the pandemic within central prisons for future problem-solving guidelines. The research employed a multiple case study approach, focusing on Bang Kwang, Chonburi, and Nakhon Pathom Central Prisons. The data collection methods included site surveys and in-depth interviews with prison commanders, correctional officers, and medical personnel. The findings indicate that several factors influence pandemic management, including overcrowding, airborne transmission, extended quarantine periods, the mixing of different inmate categories, and healthcare accessibility. The measures of restricted activities and visitor prohibitions generated stress among inmates, whereas online communication technologies partially mitigated inmates’ negative effects. It was found that negative pressure rooms, which are essential for respiratory patients under normal circumstances, were not applicable as a solution during the pandemic because the overwhelming number of patients exceeded facility capacity and equipment availability. Because the prison structure has a large opening with natural ventilation, the spread of respiratory diseases within dormitory buildings has occurred. Recommendations include improving ventilation systems to reduce transmission, modifying sanitary fixtures, and utilizing materials resistant to cleaning methods and pathogen accumulation. These measures should be implemented alongside other technological solutions and preventive protocols to minimize disease transmission and enhance prison hygiene standards.
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