Using Geographic Information Systems for Forensic Science and Crime Prevention
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Abstract
Geographic Information System (GIS) is not limited to cartography, but functions as a core tool for storing, analyzing, and integrating spatial data to support effective decision-making. Forensic science and crime prevention are among the fields that have benefited extensively from the widespread application of GIS, particularly in verifying, analyzing, and linking spatial evidence with patterns of criminal behavior. Drawing on criminological perspectives such as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and the Crime Triangle, the article highlights how spatial analysis can clarify relationships among offenders, victims, and opportunities. The article further highlights remote sensing, 3D modelling, and photogrammetry as tools that enhance spatial-data accuracy and strengthen evidence documentation in complex scenarios, including international war crimes. The policy implications conclude that integrating GIS with advanced technologies not only strengthens criminal investigations, but also supports the design of proactive prevention measures, enhances transparency in the justice process, and fosters safer and more sustainable communities.
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