Causes of Offending in Homicide Cases: A Case Study of Thonburi Remand Prison

Abstract

        This study aimed to (1) examinethe causes of criminal behavior in homicidecases and (2) propose guidelinesfor the prevention, intervention, and rehabilitationof offenders. A qualitative research approachwas employed through in-depth interviews with 10 incarcerated homicide offendersand 6 prison officers. The findings indicate that homicide offending results from the interactionof personal, psychological, and social factors.These factors include histories of family violence, limited educational opportunities, economic hardship, substance abuse, impairedpsychological development, insecureattachment patterns, poor emotionalregulation and impulse control, motivation driven by anger, fear, or revenge,and psychiatric problems. Additionalcontributing factors include neglectfulparenting, the learning of deviant behaviors,interpersonal conflict, and the absenceof social bonds. Prevention and rehabilitationshould therefore be implemented through an integrated approach that addressespsychological well-being, behavioralfunctioning, and life skills. This approach should include therapeutic interventions,vocational training, the promotion of positivevalues, and preparation for communityreintegration. These efforts should be guided by the Risk–Needs–Responsivity (RNR) principle and restorative justice,alongside measures such as weapon control,monitoring individuals with risk histories, mental health surveillance, and reducing post-release stigmatization. In conclusion, understanding homicide requiresa multidimensional perspective. The findingsshow that most offenders grew up in familieslacking adequate care and supervision,experiencing violence, neglect, economicconstraints, and limited access to education.They also learned deviant behaviors from families and communities in which violencewas normalized. These factors contribute to psychological vulnerability, emotionalinstability, and deficits in emotional regulation,particularly in situations involving conflict. Furthermore, substance use, particularlymethamphetamine tablets and crystalmethamphetamine, plays an importantrole in reducing inhibition and increasing impulsivity, while the absence of social bonds reduces protective factors against offending.Consequently, effective prevention and rehabilitation should respond to individual needs while strengthening social support systems in order to reduce recidivismand sustainably lower long-term crime risk.