Not all that glitters is gold: Glitter causes acute toxicity to nauplii of Artemia sp.

Authors

  • Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa São Paulo State University-UNESP, Biosciences Institute, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil
  • Alexandre Rodrigo Nascimento Gonçalves São Paulo State University-UNESP, Biosciences Institute, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil
  • Maysa Ueda de Carvalho São Paulo State University-UNESP, Biosciences Institute, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil
  • Natalie Spanghero São Paulo State University-UNESP, Biosciences Institute, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil
  • Nathalia Sales Soares do Nascimento São Paulo State University-UNESP, Biosciences Institute, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil
  • Milene Fornari São Paulo State University-UNESP, Biosciences Institute, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil
  • Fernando Cesar Perina University of Aveiro, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
  • Ana Carolina Feitosa Cruz São Paulo State University-UNESP, Biosciences Institute, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2024.270722

Keywords:

Marine litter, Marine pollution, Toxicity, Brine shrimp, Microplastics

Abstract

Glitter has been reported as a relevant pollutant, as it is widely used in cosmetic and textile products and craftwork, and often associated with domestic sewage. The particular glitter is composed of thin layers of plastic and metal. This study assessed the acute toxicity of glitter dispersions in the brine shrimp Artemia sp. Nauplii of Artemia sp. that were exposed to glitter dispersions (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L), obtained by diluting a stock solution in seawater; the control consisted of filtered seawater only. Three replicates were used per treatment and consisted of glass tubes filled with 10 mL of the test solution, and ten nauplii aging over 48 h. After 48 h, the survivors were counted and examined under a microscope. The mean size of glitter particles was 3.94 (±0.98) µm; approximately 44 % of particles were in the range of very fine sand, and 27 % coarse silt. Significant lethal effects (p < 0.05) occurred from 0.1 mg/L (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration - LOEC); the lethal concentration to 50 % organisms (LC50-48h) was 0.350 (0.348 - 0.351) mg/L. The exposed organisms also exhibited patches in their digestive tracts, and particles were stranded in their appendices. The results indicate the toxic potential of glitter to brine shrimp. This investigation indicates the need for further studies on the toxicity of glitter to marine invertebrates.

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Cite this article: Abessa, D.M.S., Gonçalves, A.R.N., de Carvalho, M.U., Spanghero, N., Do Nasicmento, N.S.S., Fornari, M., Perina, F.C., Cruz, A.C.F. (2024). Not all that glitters is gold: Glitter causes acute toxicity to nauplii of Artemia sp. Maritime Technology and Research, 6(4), 270722. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2024.270722
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Highlights

  • Glitter includes particles of sizes similar to those of marine microalgae
  • Exposure to glitter suspensions caused toxicity in brine shrimps from 0.1 mg/L
  • The nauplii of Artemia were more sensitive to glitter than echinoderm embryos
  • Metallic parts of the glitter were observed in the digestive tract of the brine shrimp nauplii

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2024-05-02

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