Evolving Dynamics of the Thai - Myanmar Border Regime

Khomsan Nakwangsai; Damrongsak Junthothai

Authors

Khomsan Nakwangsai Faculty of Public Administration, Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University Maesot
Damrongsak Junthothai Faculty of Political Science, Ramkhamhaeng University

Keywords:

Myanmar coup 2021, Triple Nexus of Instability, Multi-Layered Governance, Transnational Cybercrime Enclaves, Border Trade, Ethnic Armed Organizations

Abstract

This article critically examines these shifts by applying a Comparative-Historical and Political Economy approach. The study identifies a critical between historical ethnic fragmentation and the emergence of modern non-traditional security threats. The article’s original contribution lies in the introduction of the “Triple Nexus of Instability” framework. This framework analyzes the complex interplay between 1) Territorial control challenges by Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) 2) The evolution of traditional resource extraction and 3) The rise of Transnational Unregulated Economic Zones. Furthermore, the study proposes the concept of “Multi-Layered Border Governance,” arguing that in the absence of fully functional bilateral mechanisms, the frontline state Thailand has necessitated a shift towards pragmatic sub-national engagement. The findings offer actionable policy recommendations, emphasizing the regulation of cross-border financial flows and the formalization of humanitarian corridors to enhance regional resilience.

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