การประเมินของเกษตรกรรายย่อยต่อข้อจำกัดและประโยชน์จากการรับรองมาตรฐานเกษตรอินทรีย์ที่หลากหลาย สำหรับตลาดภายในประเทศไทย
คำสำคัญ:
ช่องทางการตลาด, มาตรฐานเกษตรอินทรีย์, เกษตรกรรายย่อย, ประเทศไทยบทคัดย่อ
มีหน่วยงานที่รับรองมาตรฐานเกษตรอินทรีย์ที่มีอย่างหลากหลายเพิ่มมากขึ้น ที่เสนอการเชื่อมโยงระหว่างเกษตรกรรายย่อยและตลาดภายในประเทศในกลุ่มประเทศกำลังพัฒนางานศึกษาในครั้งนี้ได้เปรียบเทียบการประเมินของเกษตรกรรายย่อยต่อข้อจำกัดและประโยชน์จากการรับรองมาตรฐานเกษตรอินทรีย์ที่หลากหลายในไทย มาตรฐานที่ทำการศึกษานั้นเป็นมาตรฐานการตรวจรับรองประเภทบุคคลที่ 3 (third-party certification) จำนวน 3 มาตรฐาน ซึ่งเป็นการดำเนินงานโดยหน่วยงานรัฐ, หน่วยงานเอกชนที่ได้รับการรับรองระบบงาน (an accredited non-government) และหน่วยงานเอกชนที่ไม่ได้รับการรับรองระบบงาน (a non-accredited non-government) อีกหนึ่งมาตรฐานที่ทำการศึกษาคือ ระบบการรับรองแบบมีส่วนร่วม (Participatory Guarantee Systems) งานวิจัยได้ทำการสัมภาษณ์เกษตรกร จำนวน 100 ราย เกษตรกรได้แสดงการประเมินที่คล้ายคลึงกันต่อมาตรฐานเกษตรอินทรีย์ทั้ง 4 มาตรฐานในด้านของความยากต่อการได้รับรองมาตรฐาน โดยมีเหตุผลที่สำคัญคือมาตรฐานที่มีเกณฑ์การรับรองมาตรฐานที่เข้มงวดก็มักจะได้รับการสนับสนุนเป็นอย่างมากเช่นกัน มาตรฐานเกษตรอินทรีย์ส่วนใหญ่มีข้อแตกต่างกันในด้านโอกาสทางการตลาด อย่างไรก็ตามองค์กรที่สนับสนุนเกษตรกรต่อการได้รับรองมาตรฐานเกษตรอินทรีย์นั้นโดยทั่วไปมักเป็นการแนะนำมาตรฐานแบบเฉพาะเจาะจง โดยที่เกษตรกรยังคงจำกัดในการเริ่มต้นกระบวนการมาตรฐานเกษตรอินทรีย์ด้วยตนเอง การเสริมสร้างศักยภาพของเกษตรกรอาจเป็นแนวทางหนึ่งที่ทำให้เกษตรกรสามารถเลือกมาตรฐานการรับรองที่สอดคล้องกับวัตถุประสงค์ของเกษตรกรได้ด้วยตนเอง
เอกสารอ้างอิง
Akoyi, K.T. & Maertens, M. (2017). Walk the talk: private sustainability standards in the Ugandan coffee sector. The Journal of Development Studies, 54(10), 1792-1818.
Anteneh Woubie, A., Muradian, R. & Ruben, R. (2015). Impact of multiple certification on smallholder coffee farmers’ livelihoods: Evidence from southern Ethiopia. In Ruben, R. and Hoebin, P. (Eds.) Coffee Certification in East Africa. Impact on Farmers, Families and Cooperatives, 127-147. Wageningen Publishers, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Athinuwat, D., Indramangala, J., Visantapong, S., Pornsirichaivatana, P. & Mettpranee, L. (2016). What is Participatory Guarantee System of organic standard? [in Thai]. Thai Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2), 119-134.
Bara, C.R., Gálvez, R.J., Hernández, H.R. & Martínez, J.F. (2017). Adaptation of a participatory organic certification system to the organic products law in six local markets in Mexico. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 42(1), 48-76.
Bhattarai, S., Lyne, C. & Martin, S. (2013). Assessing the performance of a supply chain for organic vegetables from a smallholder perspective. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 3(2), 101-118.
Beuchelt, T.D. & Zeller, M. (2011). Profits and poverty: Certification's troubled link for Nicaragua's organic and fairtrade coffee producers. Ecological Economics, 70, 1316–1324.
Blackmore, E., Keeley, J., Pyburn, R., Mangnus, E., Chen, L. & Yuhui, Q. (2012). Assessing the benefits of sustainability certification for small-scale farmers in Asia, International Institute for Environment and Development, London.
Blanc, J. & Kledal, P.R. (2012). The Brazilian organic food sector: Prospects and constraints of facilitating the inclusion of smallholders. Journal of Rural Studies, 28(1), 142-154.
Dorr, A.C. (2011). A comparative analysis of certification schemes: the case of globalgap, fair trade, integrated fruit production and organic. Economia e Desenvolvimento, 23.
Ellis, W., Ruenglertpanyakul, V., Vildozo, D. & Kasterine, A. (2006). Strengthening the Export Capacity of Thailand’s Organic Agriculture. International Trade Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
Faysse, N., Raïs, I., Ait El Mekki, A. & Jourdain, D. (2017). Prospects for a certified mint supply chain in Morocco based on an assessment of consumers’ willingness to pay. New Medit, 2(2017), 47-54.
Fouilleux, E. & Loconto, A. (2017). Voluntary standards, certification, and accreditation in the global organic agriculture field: a tripartite model of techno-politics Agriculture and Human Values, 34(1), 1-14.
Giovannucci, D., Byers, A. & Liu, P. (2008). Adding value: Certified coffee trade in North America, in Liu, P. (Ed.), Value-adding standards in the North American food market.Trade opportunities in certified products for developing countries. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, pp. 33-49.
Hill, J.K.W. (2016). Organic agriculture in India and participatory guarantee systems (PGS): A case study from West Bengal. Jharkhand Journal of Development and Management Studies, 14(2), 7037-7055.
Home, R., Bouagnimbeck, H., Ugas, R., Arbenz, M. & Stolze, M. (2017). Participatory guarantee system: Organic certification to empower farmers and strengthen communities. Agroecology and Sustainable Food System, 41(5), 526-545.
International Foundation for Organic Agriculture Movements (2017). How Governments Can Support Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS). Policy Brief, IFOAM, Bonn, Germany.
Kaufman, H. & Mock, J. (2014). Cultivating greater well-being: The benefit Thai organic farmers experience from adopting Buddhist eco-spirituality. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 27, 871-893.
Kaufmann, S. & Vogl, C.R. (2018). Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) in Mexico: a theoretic ideal or everyday practice?Agriculture and Human Values, 35(2), 457-472.
Kolk, A. (2013). Mainstreaming sustainable coffee. Sustainable Development, 21(5), 324-337.
Lemeilleur, S. & Allaire, G. (2016). Standardisation and guarantee systems: what can participatory certification offer? Moisa Working Paper, No. 2016-5.
Limnirankul, B. & Gypmantasiri, P. (2012). Incorporating agro-biodiversity to market-oriented organic rice in Northern Thailand: An enabling innovation process and achievement”, Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences, 11(1), 469-482.
National Statistical Office of Thailand (2013). Advanced report 2013 Agricultural Census, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology.
Nelson, E., Tovar, L.V., Rindermann, R.S. and Cruz, M.A.G. (2010). Participatory organic certification in Mexico: an alternative approach to maintaining the integrity of the organic label. Agriculture and Human Values, 27(2), 227-237.
Nelson, E., Tovar, L.V., Gueguen, E., Humphries, S., Landman, K. & Rindermann, R.S. (2016). Participatory guarantee systems and the re-imagining of Mexico’s organic sector. Agriculture and Human Values, 33(2), 373-388.
Office of Agricultural Economics (2013). Philosophy of sufficiency economy [in Thai]. Retrieved 22 May 2017 from website http://www3.oae.go.th/rdpcc/images/filesdownload/km/Knowledge/ agricultural/12.pdf
Parvathi, P. & Waibel, H. (2016). Organic agriculture and fair trade: A happy marriage? A case study of certified smallholder black pepper farmers in India. World Development, 77, 206-220.
Pattanapant, A., & Shivakoti, G.P. (2013). Opportunities and constraints of organic agriculture in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 16(1), 115-147.
Pekdemir, C. (2018). On the regulatory potential of regional organic standards: Towards harmonization, equivalence, and trade? Global Environmental Change, 50, 289-302.
Pierrot, J., Giovannucci, D. & Kasterine, A. (2011). Trends in the Trade of Certified Coffees. Geneva, Switzerland: International Trade Centre.
Preißel, S. & Reckling, M. (2010). Smallholder group certification in Uganda – Analysis of internal control systems in two organic export companies”. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 111(1), 13-22.
Reinecke, J., Manning, S. & Von Hagen, O. (2012). The emergence of a standards market: Multiplicity of sustainability standards in the global coffee industry. Organization Studies, 33(5-6), 791-814.
Riisgaard, L., Michuki, G., Gibbon, P., Bolwig, S., Warring, N. & Rantz, L.L. (2009). The performance of voluntary standard schemes from the perspective of small producers in East Africa. Traidcraft , Gateshead, United Kingdom.
Ríos Guayasamín, P., Peixoto, R.T, Torrico Albino, J.C. & Reyes Hernández, H. (2016). Value chains for organic products in neighboring municipalities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 40(4), 352-380.
Ruben, R. & Zuniga, G. (2011). How standards compete: comparative impact of coffee certification schemes in Northern Nicaragua. Supply Chain Management, 16 (2), 98-109.
Ruenglertpanyakul, V. (2016), Overview of Organic Agriculture in Thailand [in Thai], Retrieved 9 March 2017 from website http://www.greennet.or.th/sites/default/ files/Thai% 20OA%2016.pdf
Thamaga-Chitja, J. & Hendriks, S.L. (2008). Emerging issues in smallholder organic production and marketing in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 25(3), 317-326.
Van Rijsbergen, B., Elbers, W., Ruben, R. & Njuguna, S.N. (2016). The ambivalent impact of coffee certification on farmers’ welfare: A matched panel approach for cooperatives in central Kenya. World Development, 77, 277-292.
Vandergeest, P. (2009). Opening the green box: How organic became the standard for alternative agriculture in Thailand. Paper presented at the Berkeley Workshop on Environmental Politics, April 17, 2009.
Vidyarthi, A. (2015). Organic Vegetable Farming Supported by the Royal Project Foundation. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
Wanwimolruk, S., Phopin, K., Boonpangrak, S. and Prachayasittikul, V. (2016). Food safety in Thailand 4: comparison of pesticide residues found in three commonly consumed vegetables purchased from local markets and supermarkets in Thailand. PeerJ, 4, e2432.
Wyatt, B. (2010), “Local organic certification in Northern Thailand: The role of discourse coalitions in actor-networks”, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 17(2), 108-121.
Xie, B., Tingyou, L. & Yi, Q. (2011). Organic certification and the market: Organic exports from and imports to China. British Food Journal, 113(10), 1200-1216.
Zanasi, C., Venturi, P., Setti, M. & Rota, C. (2009). Participative organic certification, trust and local rural communities development: The case of Rede Ecovida. New Medit, 2(2009), 48-56.
Anteneh Woubie, A., Muradian, R. & Ruben, R. (2015). Impact of multiple certification on smallholder coffee farmers’ livelihoods: Evidence from southern Ethiopia. In Ruben, R. and Hoebin, P. (Eds.) Coffee Certification in East Africa. Impact on Farmers, Families and Cooperatives, 127-147. Wageningen Publishers, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Athinuwat, D., Indramangala, J., Visantapong, S., Pornsirichaivatana, P. & Mettpranee, L. (2016). What is Participatory Guarantee System of organic standard? [in Thai]. Thai Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2), 119-134.
Bara, C.R., Gálvez, R.J., Hernández, H.R. & Martínez, J.F. (2017). Adaptation of a participatory organic certification system to the organic products law in six local markets in Mexico. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 42(1), 48-76.
Bhattarai, S., Lyne, C. & Martin, S. (2013). Assessing the performance of a supply chain for organic vegetables from a smallholder perspective. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 3(2), 101-118.
Beuchelt, T.D. & Zeller, M. (2011). Profits and poverty: Certification's troubled link for Nicaragua's organic and fairtrade coffee producers. Ecological Economics, 70, 1316–1324.
Blackmore, E., Keeley, J., Pyburn, R., Mangnus, E., Chen, L. & Yuhui, Q. (2012). Assessing the benefits of sustainability certification for small-scale farmers in Asia, International Institute for Environment and Development, London.
Blanc, J. & Kledal, P.R. (2012). The Brazilian organic food sector: Prospects and constraints of facilitating the inclusion of smallholders. Journal of Rural Studies, 28(1), 142-154.
Dorr, A.C. (2011). A comparative analysis of certification schemes: the case of globalgap, fair trade, integrated fruit production and organic. Economia e Desenvolvimento, 23.
Ellis, W., Ruenglertpanyakul, V., Vildozo, D. & Kasterine, A. (2006). Strengthening the Export Capacity of Thailand’s Organic Agriculture. International Trade Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
Faysse, N., Raïs, I., Ait El Mekki, A. & Jourdain, D. (2017). Prospects for a certified mint supply chain in Morocco based on an assessment of consumers’ willingness to pay. New Medit, 2(2017), 47-54.
Fouilleux, E. & Loconto, A. (2017). Voluntary standards, certification, and accreditation in the global organic agriculture field: a tripartite model of techno-politics Agriculture and Human Values, 34(1), 1-14.
Giovannucci, D., Byers, A. & Liu, P. (2008). Adding value: Certified coffee trade in North America, in Liu, P. (Ed.), Value-adding standards in the North American food market.Trade opportunities in certified products for developing countries. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, pp. 33-49.
Hill, J.K.W. (2016). Organic agriculture in India and participatory guarantee systems (PGS): A case study from West Bengal. Jharkhand Journal of Development and Management Studies, 14(2), 7037-7055.
Home, R., Bouagnimbeck, H., Ugas, R., Arbenz, M. & Stolze, M. (2017). Participatory guarantee system: Organic certification to empower farmers and strengthen communities. Agroecology and Sustainable Food System, 41(5), 526-545.
International Foundation for Organic Agriculture Movements (2017). How Governments Can Support Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS). Policy Brief, IFOAM, Bonn, Germany.
Kaufman, H. & Mock, J. (2014). Cultivating greater well-being: The benefit Thai organic farmers experience from adopting Buddhist eco-spirituality. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 27, 871-893.
Kaufmann, S. & Vogl, C.R. (2018). Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) in Mexico: a theoretic ideal or everyday practice?Agriculture and Human Values, 35(2), 457-472.
Kolk, A. (2013). Mainstreaming sustainable coffee. Sustainable Development, 21(5), 324-337.
Lemeilleur, S. & Allaire, G. (2016). Standardisation and guarantee systems: what can participatory certification offer? Moisa Working Paper, No. 2016-5.
Limnirankul, B. & Gypmantasiri, P. (2012). Incorporating agro-biodiversity to market-oriented organic rice in Northern Thailand: An enabling innovation process and achievement”, Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences, 11(1), 469-482.
National Statistical Office of Thailand (2013). Advanced report 2013 Agricultural Census, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology.
Nelson, E., Tovar, L.V., Rindermann, R.S. and Cruz, M.A.G. (2010). Participatory organic certification in Mexico: an alternative approach to maintaining the integrity of the organic label. Agriculture and Human Values, 27(2), 227-237.
Nelson, E., Tovar, L.V., Gueguen, E., Humphries, S., Landman, K. & Rindermann, R.S. (2016). Participatory guarantee systems and the re-imagining of Mexico’s organic sector. Agriculture and Human Values, 33(2), 373-388.
Office of Agricultural Economics (2013). Philosophy of sufficiency economy [in Thai]. Retrieved 22 May 2017 from website http://www3.oae.go.th/rdpcc/images/filesdownload/km/Knowledge/ agricultural/12.pdf
Parvathi, P. & Waibel, H. (2016). Organic agriculture and fair trade: A happy marriage? A case study of certified smallholder black pepper farmers in India. World Development, 77, 206-220.
Pattanapant, A., & Shivakoti, G.P. (2013). Opportunities and constraints of organic agriculture in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 16(1), 115-147.
Pekdemir, C. (2018). On the regulatory potential of regional organic standards: Towards harmonization, equivalence, and trade? Global Environmental Change, 50, 289-302.
Pierrot, J., Giovannucci, D. & Kasterine, A. (2011). Trends in the Trade of Certified Coffees. Geneva, Switzerland: International Trade Centre.
Preißel, S. & Reckling, M. (2010). Smallholder group certification in Uganda – Analysis of internal control systems in two organic export companies”. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 111(1), 13-22.
Reinecke, J., Manning, S. & Von Hagen, O. (2012). The emergence of a standards market: Multiplicity of sustainability standards in the global coffee industry. Organization Studies, 33(5-6), 791-814.
Riisgaard, L., Michuki, G., Gibbon, P., Bolwig, S., Warring, N. & Rantz, L.L. (2009). The performance of voluntary standard schemes from the perspective of small producers in East Africa. Traidcraft , Gateshead, United Kingdom.
Ríos Guayasamín, P., Peixoto, R.T, Torrico Albino, J.C. & Reyes Hernández, H. (2016). Value chains for organic products in neighboring municipalities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 40(4), 352-380.
Ruben, R. & Zuniga, G. (2011). How standards compete: comparative impact of coffee certification schemes in Northern Nicaragua. Supply Chain Management, 16 (2), 98-109.
Ruenglertpanyakul, V. (2016), Overview of Organic Agriculture in Thailand [in Thai], Retrieved 9 March 2017 from website http://www.greennet.or.th/sites/default/ files/Thai% 20OA%2016.pdf
Thamaga-Chitja, J. & Hendriks, S.L. (2008). Emerging issues in smallholder organic production and marketing in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 25(3), 317-326.
Van Rijsbergen, B., Elbers, W., Ruben, R. & Njuguna, S.N. (2016). The ambivalent impact of coffee certification on farmers’ welfare: A matched panel approach for cooperatives in central Kenya. World Development, 77, 277-292.
Vandergeest, P. (2009). Opening the green box: How organic became the standard for alternative agriculture in Thailand. Paper presented at the Berkeley Workshop on Environmental Politics, April 17, 2009.
Vidyarthi, A. (2015). Organic Vegetable Farming Supported by the Royal Project Foundation. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
Wanwimolruk, S., Phopin, K., Boonpangrak, S. and Prachayasittikul, V. (2016). Food safety in Thailand 4: comparison of pesticide residues found in three commonly consumed vegetables purchased from local markets and supermarkets in Thailand. PeerJ, 4, e2432.
Wyatt, B. (2010), “Local organic certification in Northern Thailand: The role of discourse coalitions in actor-networks”, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 17(2), 108-121.
Xie, B., Tingyou, L. & Yi, Q. (2011). Organic certification and the market: Organic exports from and imports to China. British Food Journal, 113(10), 1200-1216.
Zanasi, C., Venturi, P., Setti, M. & Rota, C. (2009). Participative organic certification, trust and local rural communities development: The case of Rede Ecovida. New Medit, 2(2009), 48-56.
ดาวน์โหลด
เผยแพร่แล้ว
31-03-2019
รูปแบบการอ้างอิง
Phiboon, K., & Faysse, N. (2019). การประเมินของเกษตรกรรายย่อยต่อข้อจำกัดและประโยชน์จากการรับรองมาตรฐานเกษตรอินทรีย์ที่หลากหลาย สำหรับตลาดภายในประเทศไทย. วารสารพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์, 59(1). สืบค้น จาก https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NDJ/article/view/229822
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