Natural Environment and Comfort Condition in Semi-Open Atrium: Case Studies of Semi-Open Shopping Malls in Bangkok
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Abstract
"Semi-open shopping malls" are a sustainable architecture type having an attractive contemporary concept of "Green lifestyle Mall." An atrium inside the mall is a non-air-conditioning public space enclosed by retail shops. The atrium is covered by a wide-span roof to protect rain and heat but provides natural sunlight. The large openings of the mall are opened for natural ventilation. The atrium also contains attractive gardens and public recreation areas. This research aims to study the performances of the building type by evaluating the natural qualities and the comfort conditions of the atrium environment.
The main 4 research frameworks are heat, ventilation, sunlight and green areas. The samples are 8 case studies from a population of 50 projects. The methodology starts with measuring the temperature, humidity, wind speed, and illumination on site in summer. Next, the data are analyzed and transformed into the natural environmental indexes. Then, the environmental qualities are evaluated and comparatively reported with pros and cons. Lastly, the thermal conditions of each case studies are plotted into charts by a thermal comfort tool, complied with ASHRAE Standard 55-2017.
Summary of the findings reveals that 3 out of 8 case studies are in acceptable thermal comfort zones. Results of the average environmental index are as follows; The difference in temperature inside-outside is 1.15 °C. The mean radiation temperature is 32.45 °C. The operative temperature is 32.54 °C. The efficiency of air velocity is 0.41 %. The daylight factor is 0.20 %. And the proportion of the green area is 0.14 %. The strengths and weaknesses of the case study performances are discussed to provide the building design recommendations
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