Charles F. Keyes and the New Direction in Tai Studies
Keywords:
Charles F. Keyes,, Weberian approach, Tai Studies, Ethnicity, Mainland Southeast AsiaAbstract
This paper attempts to explore a major work of anthropologist Charles F. Keyes who has made a valuable contribution to the study of culture in mainland Southeast Asia. Situating Keyes’s works as Weberian anthropology, not surprisingly, Tai Studies or the study of Tai cultures conducted by Keyes has focused in particular on the destiny of the Tai peoples within a historical context, power relations, modernization, and the formation of the modern nation-state. This Weberian approach has inevitably led Keyes to pay attention to the study of the politics of ethnicity. Keyes’s investigation on the politics of ethnicity is nevertheless selective and tends to be emphasized by his analysis of the state, as the actor, rather than everyday practices mobilized by ordinary peoples. This article argues that to fruitfully continue Keyes’s legacy on Tai Studies one must pay attention to the study of identity politics and the practice of everyday life. This ‘academic extension’ not only shows us Keyes’s contribution (and limitation) to the study of Tai cultures but also an alternative direction of Tai Studies and the anthropological study of Tai peoples under the powerful circumstance of regionalization and the global flows of capital, commodities, people, and information across national borders.
References
พัฒนา กิตติอาษา (2545) “คนข้ามแดน: นาฎกรรมชีวิตและการข้ามพรมแดนในวัฒนธรรมอีสาน” วารสารสังคมศาสตร์ (มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่) ปีที่ 15ฉบับที่ 1: 109-166.
ยศ สันตสมบัติ (2543) หลักช้าง: การสร้างใหม่ของอัตลักษณ์ไทในใต้คงกรุงเทพฯ: โครงการวิถีทรรศน์.
ยุกติ มุกดาวิตร (2549) “ปลดสายเดี่ยว ภูมิ (ประวัติ) ศาสตร์ชาติพันธ์ุในลุ่มน้ำโขง: ผ่านกรอบประวัติศาสตร์ชาติพันธ์ุนิพนธ์แบบพาดข้าม” ลุ่มน้ำโขง: วิกฤติ การพัฒนา และทางออก, ชาญวิทย์ เกษตรศิริ และ กัมปนาท
ภักดีกุล (บรรณาธิการ) กรุงเทพฯ: มูลนิธิโตโยต้าประเทศไทย; มูลนิธิโครงการตำาราสังคมศาสตร์และมนุษยศาสตร์: 190-208.
วสันต์ ปัญญาแก้ว (2550) เสียงไตลื้อ-สิบสองปันนา, เชียงใหม่: ภาควิชาสังคมวิทยาและมานุษยวิทยา คณะสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่.
สุเทพ สุนทรเภสัช (2511) สังคมวิทยาของหมู่บ้านภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ(ผู้แปลและบรรณาธิการ) กรุงเทพฯ: แผนกวิชาสังคม คณะรัฐศาสตร์จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย.
สิงฆะ วรรณสัย (2518) พุทธตำนานพระเจ้าเลียบโลก (ปริวรรตจากคัมภีร์ใบลาน)เอกสารอัดสำเนา.
แสวง มาละแซม (2540) คนยองย้ายแผ่นดิน, กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์.
Cohen, Paul T. (2000a) “A Buddha Kingdom in the Golden Triangle: Buddhist Revivalism and the Charismatic Monk Kruba Bunchum”, The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 2000, Vol. 11 No. 2, 141-154.
______ (2000b) “Lue across Borders: Pilgrimage and the Muang Sing Reliquary in Northern Laos”, in Where China meets Southeast Asia, edited by Grant Evans, Christopher Hutton, and Kuah Khun Eng, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies: 145-161.
______ (2001) “Buddhism Unshackled: The Yuan ‘Holy Man’ Tradition and the Nation-State in the Tai World”, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2: 227-247.
Condominas, George (1987) “In Search of a Vat: The Dai in Internal and the Lao in External Exile”, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Thai Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, 3-6 July, 1987, Volume 3: Part Two, compiled by Ann Buller, Canberra, ANU: 445-466.
Grabowsky, Volker (1999) “Forced Resettlement Campaigns in Northern Thailand and During the Early Bangkok Period, Journal of the Siam Society, Vol. 87, No. 1 & 2: 45-86.
Keyes, Charles F. (1966) “Ethnic Identity and Loyalty of Villagers in Northeastern Thailand”, Asian Survey, Vol. VI, No. 7 (July 1966): 362-369.
______ (1971) “Buddhism and Nation Integration in Thailand”, Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 30, No. 3: 551-567.
______ (1975) “Buddhist Pilgrimage Centers and the Twelve-Year Cycle: Northern Thai Moral Orders in Space and Time”, History of Religions, Vol. 15, No. 1: 71-89.
______ (1977) The Golden Peninsula, New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.
______ (1982) “The Death of Two Buddhist Saints”, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Thematic Studies, 4, 3-4.
______ (1991) “The proposed world of the school: Thai villagers entry into a bureaucratic state system” in Reshpaing Local Worlds: Rural Education and Cultural Change in Southeast Asia, ed. Charles F. Keyes, New Haven, CT: Yale University, Southeast Asian Studies: 87-138.
______ (1992) “Who are the Lue Revisited? Ethnic Identity in Laos, Thailand, and China”, Working Paper, Centre for International Studies. Cambridge: MIT.
______ (1994) “The Nation-State and the Politics of Indigenous Minorities: Reflections on Ethnic Insurgency in Burma”, Paper prepared for a conference on “Tribal Minorities and the State,” organised by the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation in Istanbul, February 21-25, 1994.
______ (1995) “Who are the Tai?: Reflections on the Invention of Local, Ethnic and National Identities,” Ethnic Identity: Creation Conflict, and Accommodation, Lola Romanucci-Ross and George A. De Vos, eds. Third Edition, Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Press, 1995: 136-160.
______ (1999) “Fieldwork as History”, paper presented at A Symposium in Honor of A. Thomas Kirsch, Friends in the Field, Department of Sociology and Anthropology and Women Studies Centre , Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University.
______ (2000) “A Princess in a Peoples’ Republic: A New Phase in the Construction of the Lao Nation,” in Civility and Savagery, Andrew Turton, ed. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon. Pp. 206-26.
______ (2002a) “Presidential Address: ‘The Peoples of Asia’ – Science and Politics in the Classification of Ethnic Groups in Thailand, China, and Vietnam” Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 61, No. 4 (November 2002): 1163-1203.
______ (2002b) “Weber and Anthropology,” Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 31 (2002): 233-255.
______ (2003) “The Politics of Language in Thailand and Laos,” in Fighting Words: Language Policy and Ethnic Relations in Asia, ed. by Michael E. Brown and umit Ganguly, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Pp. 177-210.
Kirsch, A. Thomas (1966) “Development and Mobility among the Phu Thai of Northeast Thailand”, Asian Survey, Vol. 6, No. 7: 370-378.
Lebar, Frank M. and Gerald C. Hickey, John K. Musgrave (1964) Ethnic Groups of Mainland Southeast Asia, New Heaven: Human Relations Area Files Press.
Leach, Edmund R. (1954) Political systems of highland Burma, London: London School of Economics and Political Science (reprinted 1964).
Moerman, Michael (1965) “Ethnic Identification in a Complex Civilization: Who are the Lue?”, American Anthropologist, Vol. 67, No. 5 (Part 1): 1215-1230.
Penth, Hans (1994) A Brief History of Lan Na, Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
Pruess, James B. (1976) “Merit-seeking in public: Buddhist pilgrimage in northeastern Thailand”, Journal of the Siam Society 64 part1 (January 1976): 169-206.
Reynolds, Craig J. (1998) “Globalisation and Cultural Nationalism in Modern Thailand”, in Southeast Asian identities, edited by Joel S. Kahn, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies: 115-145.
Scott, James C. (1998) Seeing Like A State, New Haven: Yale University.
Tambiah, Stanley (1976) “Monkhood as an Avenue of Social Mobility” World Conqueror and World Renouncer, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Thongchai Winichakul (1994) Siam mapped, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
______ (2000) “The Other Within”, in Civility and Savagery, edited by Andrew Turton: 38-62.
Turton, Andrew (2000) Civility and Savagery, edited Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon.
______ (2006) “Remembering local history: Kuba Wajiraphanya (c.1853-1928), Phra Thongthip and the Muang way of life”, Journal of the Siam Society, Vol. 94 (2006): 147-176.
Wyatt, David K. (1966) “The Buddhist Monkhood as an Avenue of Social Mobility, in Traditional Thai Society” Sinlapakon, Vol. X No. 1.
ยศ สันตสมบัติ (2543) หลักช้าง: การสร้างใหม่ของอัตลักษณ์ไทในใต้คงกรุงเทพฯ: โครงการวิถีทรรศน์.
ยุกติ มุกดาวิตร (2549) “ปลดสายเดี่ยว ภูมิ (ประวัติ) ศาสตร์ชาติพันธ์ุในลุ่มน้ำโขง: ผ่านกรอบประวัติศาสตร์ชาติพันธ์ุนิพนธ์แบบพาดข้าม” ลุ่มน้ำโขง: วิกฤติ การพัฒนา และทางออก, ชาญวิทย์ เกษตรศิริ และ กัมปนาท
ภักดีกุล (บรรณาธิการ) กรุงเทพฯ: มูลนิธิโตโยต้าประเทศไทย; มูลนิธิโครงการตำาราสังคมศาสตร์และมนุษยศาสตร์: 190-208.
วสันต์ ปัญญาแก้ว (2550) เสียงไตลื้อ-สิบสองปันนา, เชียงใหม่: ภาควิชาสังคมวิทยาและมานุษยวิทยา คณะสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่.
สุเทพ สุนทรเภสัช (2511) สังคมวิทยาของหมู่บ้านภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ(ผู้แปลและบรรณาธิการ) กรุงเทพฯ: แผนกวิชาสังคม คณะรัฐศาสตร์จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย.
สิงฆะ วรรณสัย (2518) พุทธตำนานพระเจ้าเลียบโลก (ปริวรรตจากคัมภีร์ใบลาน)เอกสารอัดสำเนา.
แสวง มาละแซม (2540) คนยองย้ายแผ่นดิน, กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์.
Cohen, Paul T. (2000a) “A Buddha Kingdom in the Golden Triangle: Buddhist Revivalism and the Charismatic Monk Kruba Bunchum”, The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 2000, Vol. 11 No. 2, 141-154.
______ (2000b) “Lue across Borders: Pilgrimage and the Muang Sing Reliquary in Northern Laos”, in Where China meets Southeast Asia, edited by Grant Evans, Christopher Hutton, and Kuah Khun Eng, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies: 145-161.
______ (2001) “Buddhism Unshackled: The Yuan ‘Holy Man’ Tradition and the Nation-State in the Tai World”, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2: 227-247.
Condominas, George (1987) “In Search of a Vat: The Dai in Internal and the Lao in External Exile”, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Thai Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, 3-6 July, 1987, Volume 3: Part Two, compiled by Ann Buller, Canberra, ANU: 445-466.
Grabowsky, Volker (1999) “Forced Resettlement Campaigns in Northern Thailand and During the Early Bangkok Period, Journal of the Siam Society, Vol. 87, No. 1 & 2: 45-86.
Keyes, Charles F. (1966) “Ethnic Identity and Loyalty of Villagers in Northeastern Thailand”, Asian Survey, Vol. VI, No. 7 (July 1966): 362-369.
______ (1971) “Buddhism and Nation Integration in Thailand”, Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 30, No. 3: 551-567.
______ (1975) “Buddhist Pilgrimage Centers and the Twelve-Year Cycle: Northern Thai Moral Orders in Space and Time”, History of Religions, Vol. 15, No. 1: 71-89.
______ (1977) The Golden Peninsula, New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.
______ (1982) “The Death of Two Buddhist Saints”, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Thematic Studies, 4, 3-4.
______ (1991) “The proposed world of the school: Thai villagers entry into a bureaucratic state system” in Reshpaing Local Worlds: Rural Education and Cultural Change in Southeast Asia, ed. Charles F. Keyes, New Haven, CT: Yale University, Southeast Asian Studies: 87-138.
______ (1992) “Who are the Lue Revisited? Ethnic Identity in Laos, Thailand, and China”, Working Paper, Centre for International Studies. Cambridge: MIT.
______ (1994) “The Nation-State and the Politics of Indigenous Minorities: Reflections on Ethnic Insurgency in Burma”, Paper prepared for a conference on “Tribal Minorities and the State,” organised by the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation in Istanbul, February 21-25, 1994.
______ (1995) “Who are the Tai?: Reflections on the Invention of Local, Ethnic and National Identities,” Ethnic Identity: Creation Conflict, and Accommodation, Lola Romanucci-Ross and George A. De Vos, eds. Third Edition, Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Press, 1995: 136-160.
______ (1999) “Fieldwork as History”, paper presented at A Symposium in Honor of A. Thomas Kirsch, Friends in the Field, Department of Sociology and Anthropology and Women Studies Centre , Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University.
______ (2000) “A Princess in a Peoples’ Republic: A New Phase in the Construction of the Lao Nation,” in Civility and Savagery, Andrew Turton, ed. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon. Pp. 206-26.
______ (2002a) “Presidential Address: ‘The Peoples of Asia’ – Science and Politics in the Classification of Ethnic Groups in Thailand, China, and Vietnam” Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 61, No. 4 (November 2002): 1163-1203.
______ (2002b) “Weber and Anthropology,” Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 31 (2002): 233-255.
______ (2003) “The Politics of Language in Thailand and Laos,” in Fighting Words: Language Policy and Ethnic Relations in Asia, ed. by Michael E. Brown and umit Ganguly, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Pp. 177-210.
Kirsch, A. Thomas (1966) “Development and Mobility among the Phu Thai of Northeast Thailand”, Asian Survey, Vol. 6, No. 7: 370-378.
Lebar, Frank M. and Gerald C. Hickey, John K. Musgrave (1964) Ethnic Groups of Mainland Southeast Asia, New Heaven: Human Relations Area Files Press.
Leach, Edmund R. (1954) Political systems of highland Burma, London: London School of Economics and Political Science (reprinted 1964).
Moerman, Michael (1965) “Ethnic Identification in a Complex Civilization: Who are the Lue?”, American Anthropologist, Vol. 67, No. 5 (Part 1): 1215-1230.
Penth, Hans (1994) A Brief History of Lan Na, Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
Pruess, James B. (1976) “Merit-seeking in public: Buddhist pilgrimage in northeastern Thailand”, Journal of the Siam Society 64 part1 (January 1976): 169-206.
Reynolds, Craig J. (1998) “Globalisation and Cultural Nationalism in Modern Thailand”, in Southeast Asian identities, edited by Joel S. Kahn, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies: 115-145.
Scott, James C. (1998) Seeing Like A State, New Haven: Yale University.
Tambiah, Stanley (1976) “Monkhood as an Avenue of Social Mobility” World Conqueror and World Renouncer, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Thongchai Winichakul (1994) Siam mapped, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
______ (2000) “The Other Within”, in Civility and Savagery, edited by Andrew Turton: 38-62.
Turton, Andrew (2000) Civility and Savagery, edited Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon.
______ (2006) “Remembering local history: Kuba Wajiraphanya (c.1853-1928), Phra Thongthip and the Muang way of life”, Journal of the Siam Society, Vol. 94 (2006): 147-176.
Wyatt, David K. (1966) “The Buddhist Monkhood as an Avenue of Social Mobility, in Traditional Thai Society” Sinlapakon, Vol. X No. 1.
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2019-02-26
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ปัญญาแก้ว วสันต์. 2019. “Charles F. Keyes and the New Direction in Tai Studies”. Social Sciences Academic Journal, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University 19 (1):231-75. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jss/article/view/174577.
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