Yang Na and Champa Khao: Status and Guidelines for the Conservation of Heritage Trees in Nakhonthai District, Phitsanulok Province
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This This research aims to study the status and guidelines for the conservation of Yang Na and Champa Khao trees in Nakhonthai District, Phitsanulok Province. A qualitative research method was used, consisting of a status survey using the Forest Department's preliminary tree diagnosis form. Perceived value was collected through in-depth interviews with 12 local philosophers and community leaders, along with participatory observations on the sacrifice ceremony. Guideline for conservation were collected through community forums, with 50 participants, and the information was then used to synthesize the content. The study found that both heritage trees were in good health and had been well taken care of by forest officials and local communities. The values of heritage trees including: 1) cultural heritage; 2) community history; 3) their significance as a big trees, 4) recreation; and 5) aesthetics. Additionally, the Yang Na tree holds ecological value, while Champa Khao is considered a rare tree. Strategies for the conservation of heritage trees can be divided into two approaches: 1) short-term measures for protecting the Yang Na tree. Community committees should establish a tree protection zone and introduce sightseeing regulations. Specifically, the landscape improvement project of Noenphoem subdistrict administrative organization should be completed as soon as possible; 2) long-term measures for preserving both heritage trees such as given them regular health check using arboricultural techniques, and planting more heritage trees. Finally, the cultural heritage values of big trees should be taught to local children and youth.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Amatyakul, T. (1973). Khongdi nai prawattisat (in Thai). [Good things in history] (4th ed.). Bangkok: Chareondham.
Arayanimitskul, C. (2015). Kansueksa mai yeunton rim thanon lae rim khlong nai khet krung rattanakosin nai samai ratchakarn thi ha (in Thai). [The study of trees along street and canels in Rattanakosin area during the Reign of King Rama V]. Academic Journal of Architecture, 64, 19-32.
Arbor Day Foundation. (n.d.). History of arbor day. Retrieved June 2, 2022 from https://bit.ly/3ZWlfFE
Assawasatitip, P. (2017). Krabuankan suesan phuea seuepthod praphenipakthongchai nai yuk lokaphiwat amphoe nakornthai changwat phitsanulok (in Thai). [Research communication process to inherit Pak Thong Chai traditions in the globalization era, Nakornthai District, Phitsanulok] (Master’s thesis). Phitsanulok: Naresuan University.
Bangkok Post. (2016, April 4). Activists want Phetchabun tree tunnel saved. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from http://bit.ly/3V9vIe5
BIGNIT. (2009, April 20). Champa Khao (in Thai). [Champa]. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://bit.ly/3IU5M2H
Boonkham, D. (2000). Ton mai yai nai ngan kosang lae phatthana mueang (in Thai). [Big Tree in Urban Construction and Development]. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press.
Boonkhong, P. (1995). Watthanatham thi prakot nai prawat chueban nai ket amphoe nakornthai changwat phitsanulok (in Thai). [The culture as seen in the history of village names in Nakhonthai District, Phitsanulok Province] (Master’s thesis). Phitsanulok: Naresuan University.
Chalermklin, P. (2002). Magnolia kong thai (in Thai). [Magnoliaceae of Thailand]. Bangkok: Baanlaesuan.
Chalermklin, P. (2007). Mai dok hom (in Thai). [Fragrant and Aromatic Plants]. Bangkok: Amarin.
Chanawongsa, T., & Sutika, M. (2017). Kansueksa prawattisat thongthin yang mi suanruam khong chumchon khon saraphi amphoe saraphi changwat chiangmai: Ton yangna lae thanon sai chiangmai-lamphun (in Thai). [The participatory study of local history of Saraphi community, Saraphi District Chiang Mai Province: Local Dipterocapaceac and Chiang Mai-Lamphun Road]. FEU Academic Review, 11(1), 296-308.
Chanbanchong, C. (2000). Kan wichai rueang kansueksa wichai kan phatthana thang sangkhom khong klum chon phuenmueang chueasai thai-lao (in Thai). [A study on social development of indigenous peoples of Thai-Lao ethic groups]. N.P.: n.p.
City News. (2016, May 18). 100 Year old Yang Na trees destroyed in storm. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://bit.ly/3yOvyAr
Darlington, S. M. (1998). The ordination of a tree: The buddhist ecology movement in Thailand. Ethnology, 37(1), 1-15.
Ditsakun, P. (1972). Thiao pai nai ban rou (in Thai). [Travel in our country]. Bangkok: C. Chumnumchang.
Duangwises, N. (2017). Chao mae ta-khian: Kansueka rueanrang ying hai kap singsaksit nai watthanatham boriphok baep thai (in Thai). [Ta-khian goddess: Bodily feminization of sacred supersition in Thai consumer culture]. Journal of Social Sciences Naresuan University, 13(2), 65-98.
Gillner, S., Hofmann, M., Tharang, A., & Vogt, J. (2016). Criteria for species selection: Development of a database for urban trees. In A. Roloff (Ed.), Urban tree management for the sustainable development of green cities (pp. 196-210). Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell.
Greenery Beauty Scent Network. (n.d.). Pharakit khuen chiwit hai pu yangna ton thi 2 (in Thai). [Mission to restore Grandpa Yang Na’s life, part 2]. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from http://bit.ly/3DVAx3O
Jamkunthian, P. (1999). Kansueksa chumchon boran mueang nakornthai amphoe nakornthai changwat phitsanulok (in Thai). [A study of ancient community of Nakornthai, Nakornthai District, Phitsanulok Province] (Research report). Phitsanulok: Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University.
Kanchanaburi Center. (n.d.). Ton chamchuri yak (in Thai). [Giant Raintree]. Retrieved April 7, 2023, from https://bit.ly/417PnPc
Kasetsart University. (2004). Tonmai nai krungthep khet samphanthawong (in Thai). [Trees in Bangkok: Samphanthawong District]. Bangkok: Forestry Research Center, Kasetsart University.
Kotkrasuang chabap thi 467 phoso 2515 (in Thai). [Ministerial Regulations Issue 467 B.E.2515]. (1972, October 31). Royal Thai Government Gazette. Vol. 89, Sect.162. pp. 125-126.
Kritayopas, P. (2015). Kan samruat tonmaiyai thang prawattisat suan pharatchathan channai phra rat cha ni wet maruekkhathaiwan changwat phetchaburi (in Thai). [The historic tree survey of Royal inner Court Mrigadayavan Palace, Phetchaburi Province]. NAJUA: Architecture, Design and Built Environment, 29, 437-454.
Kunkamheng, S. (2000, December 1). Ton champa khao (in Thai). [Champa]. Phitsanulok Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://bit.ly/3Fn8vPM
Lertcharnrit, T. (2016). Kan chatkan sapphayakon watthanatham (in Thai). [Cultural resource management] (2nd ed.). Bangkok: Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre.
Ministry of Culture. (2018a). Rukkha moradok khong phaendin (in Thai). [The Trees of Siam: Treasures of the Land] (3rd ed.). Bangkok: National Office of Buddhism.
Ministry of Culture. (2018b). Rukkha moradok khong phaendin (in Thai). [The Trees of Siam]. Nakhon Pathom: Rungsilp.
Ministry of Culture. (2021). Rukkha moradok khong phaendin (in Thai). [The Trees of Siam]. Bangkok: War Veterans Organization of Thailand.
Nakhonthai Subdistrict Municipality. (2019). Phan pattana tong thin (in Thai). [Local Development Plan (B.E.2561-2565)]. N.P.: n.p.
National Office of Buddhism. (n.d.). Rabob tabien wat (in Thai) [Temple Registrar]. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://bit.ly/3uYt2bB
Noenpoem Subdistrict Administrative Organization. (2019). Phaen phatthana thongthin (in Thai). [Local Development Plan (B.E.2561-2565)]. N.P.: n.p.
Panpothi, C., & Tansukanun, P. (2020). Kan pramoen khunnaphap thang sai ta khong ong prakop samkhan khong meang kao chiang mai doai kan mi suanruam (in Thai). [Participatory visual quality evaluation of significant elements of Chiang Mai Old City]. Built Environment Inquiry Journal, 19(1), 57-79.
Phongsawat, C. (2013). Khati khwamchuea kiaokap kan bucha rukkha thewada nai sangkhom thai mi itthiphon ma chak satsana hindu rue phutthasatsana kan nae (in Thai). [Where does a worship of rukkhatewada in Thai society get an influence from Hinduism or Buddhism?]. Institute of Culture and Arts Journal, 15(1), 1-11.
Phraratchabanyat sapha tambon lae ongkan borihan suan tambon phoso 2537 (in Thai). [Tambon Council and Tambon Administrative Authority Act B.E.2537]. (1994, December 2). Royal Thai Government Gazette. Vol. 111, Sect. 53a. pp. 11-35.
Pintuphan, H. (1971). Phitsanulok khong rao (in Thai). [Our Phitsanulok]. Bangkok: Krung Siam.
PPTV Online. (2017, September 2). Yeun chod likkasit sipet lai pha thor beb mai kong phitsanulok (In Thai). [Phitsanulok's new weave pattern]. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://bit.ly/3TcKb7y
Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden. (2020, May 20). Champa Khao (in Thai). [Magnolia champaca x baillonii]. [Facebook Post]. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from http://bit.ly/3hEdkf2
Rattanaanan, J. (2019, October 10). Champa khao tamnan phra ruang yuen yao kwa chetroi pi (in Thai). [Champa: The legend of Phra Ruang]. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://bit.ly/3EdW1Kq
Roloff, A. (2016). Urban trees: Features and requirements. In A. Roloff (Ed.), Urban tree management for the sustainable development of green cities (pp. 15-19). Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell.
Royal Forest Department. (n.d.). Champa (in Thai). [Magnolia champaca]. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from http://bit.ly/3X09U6z
Royal Society of Thailand. (2013). Photchananukrom chabap ratchabandittayasathan pho so 2544 (in Thai). [The Royal Society Dictionary 2011]. Bangkok: Office of the Royal Society.
Royal Thai Government. (2016, June 10). National broadcast by PM Prayut Chan-o-cha. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://bit.ly/3uxU4mU
Rujivanarom, P. (2017, January 28). Nan’s famous Pha Sing tree tunnel ruined by ignorance and lust for money. The Nation. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3yOEohG
Rust, S. (2016). Tree preservation, maintenance and repair. In A. Roloff (Ed.), Urban tree management for the sustainable development of green cities (pp. 135-153). Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell.
Saengavut, V., Somsawasdi, J., & Matikornkul, C. (2018). Kan pramoen munkha kan anurak: Kan rabru prayot yangna (in Thai). [Economic valuation of conservation: Benefit awareness of Yangna]. Humanities & Social Sciences, 35(2), 170-199.
Sankom, T. (2017). Pak thong chai (in Thai). [Pak Thong Chai Tradition]. Retrieved June 2, 2022 from https://bit.ly/3q3yg3m
Satean, G. (2019). Exploring the environmental movement for the preservation of big trees: A case study of urban areas in Thailand. In A. H. Hu, M. Matsumoto, T. C. Kuo, & S. Smith (Eds.), Technologies and Eco-innovation towards sustainability II (pp. 39-50). Singapore: Springer.
Somboonchai, B., Lanchanon, P., & Hemsant, A. (2018). Kan fuenfu ton yangna nai khet thetsaban tambon yang noeng phuea kan anurak saphap waetlom yang yangyuen (in Thai). [Rehabilitation of Yang Na in Yang Noeng Municipality for sustainable environmental conservation]. (Research report). Chiang Mai: Maejo University.
Soodsung, I., Ratnidhikunanon, S., Chananthawaree, S., Krajangpo, W., & Disawat, J. (2019). Kan phatthana rupbaep khrueang hom chak pha tho phouenmueang changwat phitsanulok (in Thai). [Development of designed clothing from native woven fabrics of Phitsanulok]. Bangkok: Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon.
Sornsiri, K. (2010). Si inthrathit pho khun bang klang thao (in Thai). [Si Inthrathit Pho Khun Bang Klang Thao]. Phitsanulok: Phitsanulok Provincial Public Relations Office.
Srisathit, T. (2020). Gallery of trees. Bangkok: Kiatnakin Phatra Bank.
Sriviraj, S., Kaoses, P., & Thidpad, P. (2019). Buat pa: Kan chai phumpanya phuenban nai kan anurak sapphayakon (in Thai). [Tree ordainment: Indigenous knowledge for forest conservation in northern Thailand community through Buat-Pah ritual]. Humanities and Social Sciences Journal of Ubon Ratchathani University, 10(1), 121-144.
Tarachai, Y., Hoffman, M., & Reuler, H. v. (2011). Monumental trees in Chiang Mai. Bangkok: Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Thai PBS. (2017, November 27). Huachai nai lai pha : “Phalai dok champa khao” lao rueang prawattisat phitsanulok (in Thai). [Heart in fabric: History of Phitsanulok City from Champa white flower pattern fabric]. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3hpDTo3
Thaiutsa, B., Puangchit, L., & Kaewraiad, S. (2007). Mai yangna chak pa su wang (in Thai). [Yang Na trees: From forest to the royal grand palace]. Bangkok: Bureau of the Royal Household.
Thapthong, O. (2009). 84 phan mai tha wai nai luang (in Thai). [84 Plant offering to King Rama IX: Forest rehabilitation project as a eulogy for King]. Bangkok: CAT Telecom Public Company Limited.
Tisantia, I. (2018, December 9). Tracking down Bangkok’s missing ‘tree surgeons’. Bangkok Post. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3ux1vuJ
TK Park. (2013, May 24). Wan ton mai heang chat (in Thai). [National Abor Day]. Retrieved June 2, 2022 from https://bit.ly/3QpH8ec
Trairatwong, N. (2017). Phum mi that san sang chak ton mai pluk duay dap tam ruat wichai suriyuth (in Thai). [Landscape built from trees planted by Police Senior Sergeant Major Wichai Suriyuth]. Journal of the Faculty of Architecture King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 25(2), 81-91.
Uawithya, A. (2021, April 10). #Save Yangna. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from http://bit.ly/3ht3V9W
Wamanon, P. (2003). Yang na phan mai chiwa muan kong chatthai (in Thai). [Yang Na: Tree biogeography of Thailand]. Ranang: Architectural Journal of Kasetsart University, 3, 44-55.
Wancharoen, S. (2016, May 14). BMA ‘Bungling tree care and maintenance’ in Bangkok. Bangkok Post. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3uza7AT
Wanliphodom, S. (2017). Sang ban plaeng mueang (in Thai). [Build a city]. Bangkok: Matichon.
Weibel, B. (2021, May 15). The ordained Dton Yaang Naa spirit trees of Thailand. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://bit.ly/3llZCjd
Welch, C. (2022, April 14). The future of forests. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://bit.ly/3yPJp8Q
Yotapakdee, T., Asanok, L., Kamyo, T., Norsangsri, M., Karnasuta, N., Navakam, S., & Kaewborisut, C. (2019). Benefits and value of big trees in urban area: A study in Bang Kachao green space, Thailand. Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 17(1), 33-43.
Yotapakdee, T., Asanok, L., Kamyo, T., Norsangsri, M., Karnasuta, N., Suwit, N., & Kaewborisut, C. (2020). Phonkrathop to raidai lae kan boriphok chak khwamchuea dan watthanatham khong chao mae ta-khian nai phuenthi lumtam lumnam chaopraya (in Thai). [Effect of income and consumption from spiritual culture of Ta-khian goddess in Chaophraya river riparian area]. Journal of social development, 22(1), 183-198.