A Political Psychology of Donald Trump’s Anti-Climate Policy and the Trembling U.S. Leadership
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article aims to study the driving forces behind the U.S. administration’s anti-climate policy through a political psychology perspective by analysing three main psychological traits of former President Donald Trump. These traits consist of his personality, mental illness, and his perception of global climate change. Furthermore, this article assesses the repercussions of the Trump administration’s anti-climate policy at the international level. This article utilises qualitative research methods with a focus on analysing primary sources. The main argument of this article is that Trump’s distinct personality traits, narcissism, and his denial of the existence of global climate change are the main driving forces behind his administration’s anti-climate policy. Consequently, such a policy undermines U.S. leadership on the climate issue in the global arena. To restore such leadership, this article suggests that the U.S. government ought to pursue trust diplomacy towards other countries together with collaborating with China to combat the climate crisis more efficaciously as well as accomplish the target to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions as stated in the Paris Agreement.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Bacevich, A. J. (2017, September/October). Saving ‘America First’: What responsible nationalism looks like. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-08-15/saving-america-first
Bridges, F. (2019, April 30). How Trump embodies the definition of a bad leader. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/francesbridges/2019/04/30/how-trump-embodies-the-definition-of-a-bad-leader/?sh=3b86f2925c0c
Bulkeley, H., & Newell, P. (2023). Governing climate change. Oxon, UK: Routledge.
Bump, P. (2020, January 10). This is perhaps Trump’s most cynical comment about the environment yet. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/01/09/this-is-perhaps-trumps-most-cynical-comment-about-environment-yet/
Busby, J. W. (2022). States and nature: The effects of climate change on security. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Byman, D. L., & Pollack, K. M. (2001). Let us now praise great men: Bringing the statesman back in. International Security, 25(4), 107-146. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3092135
Chemnic, J., & Frank, T. (2020, February 11). Climate change once again left out of Trump’s federal budget. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/climate-change-once-again-left-out-of-trumps-federal-budget/
Cohen, M. J., & Egelston, A. (2003). The Bush administration and climate change: Prospects for an effective policy response. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 5(4), 323. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908032000171611
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO personality inventory manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Craw, M. (2020, November 27). EU–China climate engagement: Policy drivers, synergies and gaps for accelerating the transition towards carbon neutrality. Retrieved December 18, 2021, from https://chinadialogue.net/en/climate/policy-brief-eu-china-climate-engagement/
Dalby, S. (2013). Climate change: New dimensions of environmental security. The RUSI Journal, 158(3), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2013.807583
Davenport, C. (2017, February 2). Scott Pruitt, Trump’s E.P.A. pick, is approved by Senate committee. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/02/us/politics/scott-pruitt-epa-senate.html
Deere-Birkbeck, C. (2009). Global governance in the context of climate change: The challenges of increasingly complex risk parameters. International Affairs, 85(6), 1173-1194.
Dennis, B., & Eilperin, J. (2019, March 29). Trump signs permit for construction of controversial Keystone XL pipeline. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/03/29/trump-signs-permit-construction-controversial-keystone-xl-pipeline/
Drezner, D. W. (2020). Immature leadership: Donald Trump and the American presidency. International Affairs, 96(2), 383-400. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa009
Formuzis, A. (2020, March 31). Air pollution, on the rise under Trump, puts people at risk of severe illness from coronavirus. EWG. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/air-pollution-rise-under-trump-puts-people-risk-severe-illness-coronavirus
Friedman, U. (2018, June 12). Trump got nearly nothing from Kim Jong Un. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/06/trump-kim-jong-un-singapore-summit/562610/
Geng, Q., & Lo, K. (2022). China’s green belt and road initiative: Transnational environmental governance and causal pathways of orchestration. Environmental Politics, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2022.2156176
Groenewald, Y. (2017, June 2). SA disappointed in Trump’s Paris climate accord withdrawal. Fin24. Retrieved from https://www.fin24.com/Economy/sa-disappointed-in-trumps-paris-climate-accord-withdrawal-20170602
Hermann, M. G. (1980). Foreign policy behavior using the personal characteristic of political leaders. International Studies Quarterly, 24(1), 7-46, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2600126
Hongyuan, Y. (2018). The U.S. withdrawal from the Paris agreement: Challenges and opportunities for China. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 4(2), 281-300. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2377740018500100
Hudson, V. M., & Day, B. S. (2020). The individual decisionmaker: The political psychology of world leaders. In Foreign policy analysis: Classic and contemporary theory (pp. 39-74). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Hunt, E., Levin, S., & McCathy, T. (2017, June 2). Paris climate agreement: World reacts as Trump pulls out of global accord-as it happened. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/live/2017/jun/01/donald-trump-paris-climate-agreement-live-news
Hutt, D. (2019, October 16). Water war risk rising on the Mekong. Asia Times. Retrieved from https://asiatimes.com/2019/10/water-war-risk-rising-on-the-mekong/
Irfan, U. (2019, June 19). Trump’s EPA just replaced Obama’s signature climate policy with a much weaker rule. Vox. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2019/6/19/18684054/climate-change-clean-power-plan-repeal-affordable-emissions
Jervis, R. (2013). Do leaders matter and how would we know? Security Studies, 22(2), 153-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2013.786909
Jervis, R. (2017). How statesmen think: The psychology of international politics. Oxford, UK: Princeton University Press.
Joseph, J. (2023). State, society and environmental security in international relations theory. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-022-00363-9
Kaneti, M. (2020, January 2). China’s climate diplomacy 2.0. The Diplomat. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2020/01/chinas-climate-diplomacy-2-0/
Karlsson, C., Parker, C., Hjerpe, M., & Linnér, B. O. (2011). Looking for leaders: Perception of climate change negotiation participants. Global Environmental Politics, 11(1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00044
Kirton, J. J., Kokotsis, E., & Brittaney, W. (2022). Reconfiguring the global governance of climate change. Oxon, UK: Routledge.
Kotchen, M. J. (2017, June 2). Trump will stop paying into the green climate fund. He has no idea what it is. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2017/06/02/trump-will-stop-paying-into-the-green-climate-fund-he-has-no-idea-what-it-is/
Lau, S. (2019, December 12). COP25 summit: China leads four-nation attack over ‘imbalances’ in UN climate-change negotiations. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3041711/cop25-summit-china-leads-four-nation-attack-over-imbalances-un
Malcomson, S. (2020, February 28). How China became the world’s leader in green energy. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2020-02-28/how-china-became-worlds-leader-green-energy
McAdams, D. P. (2016). The mind of Donald Trump. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/06/the-mind-of-donald-trump/480771/
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2013). Introduction to the empirical and theoretical status of the five-factor model of personality traits. In T. A. Widiger & P. T. Costa (Eds.), Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality (pp. 15-28). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Nai, A., Coma, F. M. I., & Maier, J. (2019). Donald Trump, populism, and the age of extremes: Comparing the personality traits and campaigning styles of Trump and other leaders worldwide. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 49(3), 609-643. https://doi.org/10.1111/psq.12511
Olutola, O. (2020). U.S. withdrawal from the Paris agreement: Implications for climate finance in Africa. Africa Review, 12(1), 18-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1685334
Palmer, A., Sherman, J., Lippman, D., Okun, E., & Ross, G. (2019, May 15). POLITICO playbook PM: What George W. Bush’s economist said about Trump behind closed doors. Retrieved December 18, 2021, from https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook-pm/2019/05/15/what-george-w-bushs-economist-said-about-trump-behind-closed-doors-436955
Peters, J. W., Plott, E., & Haberman, M. (2020, April 26). 260,000 words, full of self-praises, from Trump on the virus. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/26/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-briefings-analyzed.html?smtyp=cur&smid=fb-nytimes&fbclid=IwAR14YTq2yBtyjNi7TtTTHj0kKQmRqzBd289_cZzLOANPj3Ri9CypNDHEKh0
Phillips, T. (2017, January 19). China’s Xi Jinping says Paris climate deal must not be allowed to fail. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/19/chinas-xi-jinping-says-world-must-implement-paris-climate-deal
Pitt, H., Larsen, K., & Young, M. (2020, September 17). The undoing of US climate policy: The emissions impact of Trump-era rollbacks. Retrieved December 21, 2021, from https://rhg.com/research/the-rollback-of-us-climate-policy/
Porter, P. (2018). Why America’s grand strategy has not changed: Power, habit, and the U.S. foreign policy establishment. International Security, 42(4), 9-46. https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_a_00311
Pryck, K.D., & Gemenne, F. (2017). The denier-in-chief: Climate change, science, and the election of Donald J. Trump. Law Critique, 28, 119-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-017-9207-6
Sausmikat, N., & Klabisch, J. (2017, November 15). The EU-China twinning programme explained. Retrieved December 21, 2021, from https://theasiadialogue.com/2017/11/15/the-eu-china-twinning-programme-explained/
Saunders, K. (2020, April 22). China’s hidden crackdown in Tibet. The Diplomat. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/chinas-hidden-crackdown-in-tibet/
South, D., Vangala, S., & Hung, K. (2021). The Biden administration’s approach to addressing climate change. Climate and Energy, 37(9), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/gas.22222
Stepansky, J. (2020, February 19). Timeline of Trump’s shifting justifications for Soleimani killing. Aljazeera. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/timeline-trump-shifting-justifications-soliemani-killing-200217222143105.html
Streich, P. (2019). Stupid things our leaders say and do. In D. B. Mislan & P. Streich (Eds.), Weird IR: Deviant cases in international relations (pp. 43-57). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
The White House. (2017, June 1). Statement by President Trump on the Paris climate accord. Retrieved September 18, 2021, from https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-trump-paris-climate-accord/
The White House. (2019, July 8). Remarks by President Trump on America’s environmental leadership. Retrieved September 18, 2021, from https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-americas-environmental-leadership/
Trombetta, M. J. (2009). Environmental security and climate change: Analysing the discourse. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 21(4), 585-602. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557570802452920
Trump, D. J. [realDonaldTrump]. (2012, November 7). The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/265895292191248385?s=20
Trump, D. J. [realDonaldTrump]. (2013, December 6). Ice storm rolls from Texas to Tennessee-I’m in Los Angeles and it’s freezing. Global warming is a total, and very expensive, hoax [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/408977616926830592?s=20
Trump, D. J. [realDonaldTrump]. (2019, July 11). ...or a very nervous and skinny version of Pocahontas (1/1024th), as your President, rather than what you have now, so great looking and smart, a true stable genius! [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1149345683138367491?s=20
“Trump on climate change report: ‘I don’t believe it’.” (2018, November 26). BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46351940
Urpelainen, J., & Van de Graaf, T. (2018). United States non-cooperation and the Paris Agreement. Climate Policy, 18(7), 839-851. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2017.1406843
Varnakomola, S. (2023, April 19). One planet, one mission: Forging EU-China cooperation for a greener future. Retrieved April 20, 2023, from https://www.stearthinktank.com/post/eu-china-cooperation-for-a-greener-future
Vogler, J., & Stephan, H. R. (2013). Governance dimensions of climate and energy security. In H. Dyer & M. J. Trombetta (Eds.), International handbook of energy security (pp. 297-318). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Waltz, K. N. (2001). Man, state, and war: A theoretical analysis. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Watts, J., & Connolly, K. (2017, June 2). World leaders react after Trump rejects Paris climate deal. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/01/trump-withdraw-paris-climate-deal-world-leaders-react
Worland, J. (2019, July 8). Donald Trump called climate change a hoax. Now he’s awkwardly boasting about fighting it. Time. Retrieved from https://time.com/5622374/donald-trump-climate-change-hoax-event/
Yao, S., Xu, M., & Sun, L. (2023). Five-factor personality dimensions mediated the relationship between parents’ parenting style differences and mental health among medical university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 4908. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064908
Zaremba, H. (2019, February 28). First solar, now wind: China’s renewable dominance. Retrieved December 18, 2021, from https://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Wind-Power/First-Solar-Now-Wind-Chinas-Renewable-Dominance.html