Comparison of the Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extracts from Siam Weed Leaf (Chromolaena odorata) and Pomegranate Peel (Punica granatum) Against Staphylococcus aureus
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Abstract
This experimental study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of crude extracts from Siam weed leaf (Chromolaena odorata) and pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) against six clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from local-breed cats with pyoderma. Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent clinical pathogen that can lead to fatal invasive infections in felines. The crude extracts were prepared using 95% ethanol maceration at 35 °C for 24 hours. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated in triplicate using the agar disc diffusion method. Additionally, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)were determined via the broth microdilution method and streak plate technique, respectively. The extraction yield was notably higher for pomegranate peel (34.00% w/w) compared to Siam weed leaf (10.38% w/w). At concentrations of 250 and 500 mg/ml, both extracts exhibited inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus.At 500 mg/ml, the pomegranate peel extract produced a significantly larger mean zone of inhibition (14.33 ± 0.91 mm) than the Siam weed leaf extract (7.00 ± 0.69 mm). However, both extracts demonstrated lower efficacy than the standard antibiotic, Gentamicin (18.28 ± 0.75 mm) [F(2, 51) = 951.19, p < .001]. A post hoc Tukey HSD test confirmed that the pomegranate peel extract was significantly more effective than the Siam weed leaf extract (p < .001). Furthermore, the pomegranate peel extract showed superior bactericidal potency, with an MIC of 3.90 mg/ml and an MBC of 7.81 mg/ml, whereas the Siam weed leaf extract yielded an MIC of 7.81 mg/ml and an MBC of 62.50 mg/ml. In conclusion, the pomegranate peel crude extract possesses high potential as a natural antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus and warrants further development as an alternative therapeutic option for feline pyoderma.
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References
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