ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการบริโภคเบียร์ในประเทศไทยและนโยบายภาครัฐ

บทคัดย่อ

The Objectives of this study were to 1) study factors affecting the amount of beer consumption in Thailand, and 2) study government policies and measures in controlling beer consumption in Thailand.

            This study was designed by both quantitative and qualitative research. The multiple regression model was applied in the part of the quantitative research, in which the variables were referenced from demand theory and literature review. The independent variables were the quantity of beer consumption in Thailand while the dependent variables were beer retail prices, consumer income, spirit retail prices, past consumption, quarterly periods, and the enforcement by government measures. The part of qualitative research was descriptive research about the methods and performances of government policies in the past. The secondary data were collected from the fiscal years 2009 to 2018 and comprised government statistics, laws, articles in the print media and internet.

            The research results showed that 1) the factors affecting beer consumption in Thailand at 0.01 level of significance consisted of beer market price, past consumption and quarterly periods and those at 0.05 level of significance consisted of consumer income and some government measures.Volume of beer consumption increased when the consumer income increased, and in the first or fourth quarter of the year. However, it decreased when the beer retail prices increased and beer consumption in previous quarter increased, also when the government used tax measures, and in the third quarter period of the year. 2) Each tax policy effected the beer consumption in different levels. A rising specific tax could reduce volume of consumption more than rising ad valorem tax. Nevertheless, just a small rise in tax rate could not decrease beer consumption as that small rise did not disturb the consumer purchasing power by very much.