THE DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE ACTIVITIES BASED ON THE DESIGN THINKING APPROACH TO ENHANCE LEARNING AND INNOVATION SKILLS (4Cs) OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/nrru-rdi.2022.28Keywords:
Guidance activities, Design thinking approach, 4Cs skills, Primary school studentsAbstract
The two objectives of this research were: 1) To develop guidance activities based on the design thinking approach to enhancing 4Cs skills for primary school students; and 2) to study the result of using the guidance activities based on the design thinking approach to enhance 4Cs skills for primary school students in a pre-posttest research design, with a follow-up test. The procedure was divided into 2 steps: 1) The development of the guidance activities by 10 experts in guidance, including experts for interviewing, brainstorming and evaluating the appropriateness of the guidance activities; and 2) The experiment of the guidance activities consisted of 33 students in grades 4-6 of Ban Mae Soon Noi School who were selected through purposive sampling. The three research instruments consisted of: 1) A 4Cs skills questionnaire; 2) A package of guidance activities; and 3) A satisfaction questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of the total scale was very high at .90. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and one-way repeated measurement MANOVA. The main research findings were: 1) The guidance activities based on the design thinking approach to enhance 4Cs skills for primary school students were at the most appropriate level; 2) Students who participated in the guidance activities had mean scores that had a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of 4Cs skills and no differences between the follow-up and post-test scores of 4Cs skills; and 3) Students’ satisfaction with the guidance activities package was at a very high level.
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