Linguistic and Cultural Challenges of Thai Caregivers in Japan

Abstract

This research article presents a study on Japan’s acceptance of foreign workers in the caregiving sector, focusing on communication and cultural challenges experienced by Thai caregivers working in Japan. It also proposes strategies to improve and promote Japanese language proficiency and cultural understanding among Thai caregivers. Data were collected through observation and questionnaire-based interviews with 13 Thai caregivers working in Japanese care facilities in June 2023. The findings reveal that most participants were female, aged between 25 and 39 years, and held a bachelor’s degree. They reported preparing more in Japanese language skills than in caregiving techniques prior to working in Japan, with Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) levels ranging from N3 to N4. However, Thai caregivers expressed concerns regarding Japanese communication skills, particularly in grammar, reading, writing, speaking, listening, and vocabulary. The specific areas they wished to improve further were caregiving-related vocabulary and the use of polite expressions appropriate to different social contexts. In terms of cultural adaptation, most respondents reported being able to adjust to the Japanese caregiving style. However, occasional conflicts arose in the workplace due to communication barriers and cultural differences. No significant problems were found regarding daily living in Japan. The study therefore recommends that relevant governmental and private organizations in both Thailand and Japan should continuously promote Japanese language education and Japanese-style caregiving training to enhance the work efficiency of Thai caregivers.