THE TREATMENT OF JUVENILE DRUG OFFENDERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNITED NATIONS MINIMUM STANDARDS: A CASE STUDY OF THE PHRA NAKHON SI AYUTTHAYA JUVENILE TRAINING CENTER

Abstract

This study aims to examine the problems and obstacles faced by officials in their treatment of juvenile offenders involved in drug-related cases in accordance with the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules, using the Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Juvenile Training and Rehabilitation Center as a case study; compare the Center’s practices in handling juvenile drug offenders with the said standards; and develop guidelines and policy recommendations to ensure that the treatment of juvenile offenders in drug-related cases is consistent with these standards. This study employs a qualitative research approach, using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 23 key informants. The findings reveal that the problems and obstacles encountered by officials stem from limitations in personnel, budget, and resources, which hinder the ability to provide comprehensive care for juveniles. At the same time, some officials lack specialized knowledge in developmental psychology and children’s rights. Additionally, risk factors such as poverty, domestic violence, and peer influence affect the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process and increase the likelihood of reoffending. When compared with the standards, it was found that the Center’s operations are consistent with the standards in several aspects. In addition, structural and resource constraints particularly in individualized care and the provision of a supportive developmental environment mean that full compliance with the standards has not yet been achieved. Policy recommendations for the treatment of children and juveniles involved in drug-related offenses should focus on continuous personnel development in child rights, psychology, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Emphasis should be placed on child protection and development rather than punishment, while ensuring adequate resources, flexible regulations, and respect for children's dignity. Family and community involvement, together with effective post-release support and monitoring, should be strengthened to promote reintegration and prevent reoffending.