Realism and international relations: A case study of Thailand-Cambodia

Abstract

This article aims to study Thailand’s foreign policy towards Cambodia using the theoretical framework of Realism to reflect the conduct of state policy under the context of national security, survival, and the balance of power in an anarchic international system. Focuses on understanding the behavior of the Thai state under different administrations, from the era of General Prem Tinsulanonda to the current government, with particular emphasis on the preservation of sovereignty, national interest, and comprehensive diplomatic relations. The article compiles and analyzes key aspects of Thailand’s foreign policy towards Cambodia, such as military, economic, trade, diplomatic policies, and border security cooperation. It traces developments from the confrontation with threats from Vietnam in the past to the establishment of special economic zones and the promotion of cross-border trade in the present. The study finds that while each government may pursue different policies depending on their strategic priorities and political ideologies, they share common objectives in maintaining border stability and enhancing cooperation with Cambodia for mutual benefit.

This study indicates that although globalization and liberalist ideas have influenced the international relations system, Realist thinking remains significant in analyzing Thai-Cambodian policy—especially in matters concerning sovereignty, border issues, and regional security. Furthermore, the article highlights the importance of leveraging international relations as a tool to maintain stability, prevent conflicts, and promote national interests in the long term.