The Guidelines for Developing Coastal Port Logistics Systems to Enhance Domestic Cargo Supply Chain Efficiency in Thailand

Abstract

This research aimed to 1) examine the problems, obstacles, and factors affecting the efficiency of the coastal port logistics system in Thailand; 2) synthesize the relationship between the efficiency of the coastal port logistics system and the efficiency of the product supply chain; and 3) propose guidelines and measures for developing the coastal port logistics system. A qualitative documentary research methodology was employed. A total of 50 relevant academic documents, research studies, policies, and reports from Thailand and other countries were collected and analyzed using systematic content analysis. The research findings revealed that: 1) the coastal port logistics system in Thailand faces problems in four dimensions, namely outdated infrastructure and a lack of connectivity with other transportation systems; management that lacks an integrated information system and skilled personnel; a rate of digital technology adoption that is lower than 30 percent of international standards; and an outdated policy framework that lacks mechanisms to incentivize investment; 2) coastal port efficiency has a positive relationship with the supply chain in four dimensions, namely reducing transportation costs by 18–25 percent compared with road transportation, reducing lead time by 35 percent, reducing the loss of perishable goods from 8.2 percent to 3.1 percent, increasing the rate of on-time delivery, and strengthening flexibility in responding to the market through a digital supply chain simulation system; and 3) the development guidelines cover four main areas, namely developing 10–15 strategic infrastructure locations together with connections to multimodal transportation systems through public–private partnership mechanisms; introducing a port community system and artificial intelligence to drive digital transformation; developing personnel through joint curricula with higher education institutions and professional certification systems; and reforming maritime navigation laws together with establishing a specialized regulatory agency.