การศึกษาภาษาระดับข้อความ (discourse) ในภาษาไทย : พัฒนาการด้านแนวคิดและตัวอย่างงานวิจัย The study discourse in Thai language : concept development and research examples.
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Abstract
บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อนำเสนอความรู้เกี่ยวกับการศึกษาภาษาระดับข้อความ(discourse) ในภาษาไทย ในส่วนพัฒนาการด้านแนวคิดและตัวอย่างงานวิจัย เพื่อให้เห็นพัฒนาการและแนวคิดของการศึกษาภาษาระดับข้อความในปัจจุบัน อันอาจจะทำให้เห็นทิศทางการศึกษาภาษาระดับข้อความในอนาคต
ผลการศึกษา พบว่า การศึกษาภาษาระดับข้อความ คือ การศึกษาหน่วยในภาษาที่อยู่ในระดับเหนือกว่าประโยคหรือใหญ่กว่าประโยค จากการใช้บริบทหรือสถานการณ์ในการสื่อสารจากภาษาที่ปรากฏอยู่ โดยเป็นการศึกษาใน 2 มิติ คือ ใช้ discourse เมื่อต้องการจะกล่าวถึงในมิติของภาษาจะตรงกับศัพท์ในภาษาไทยที่เรียกว่า “ข้อความ” “วจนะ” “ปริจเฉท” และ “สัมพันธสาร” ซึ่งปรากฏผลงานออกมาในลักษณะการเชื่อมโยงความอย่างแพร่หลาย และใช้ Discourse เมื่อต้องการจะกล่าวถึงมิติทางสังคมและวิถีปฏิบัติทางสังคมที่สัมพันธ์กับภาษาและการใช้ ตรงกับศัพท์ในภาษาไทยว่า “วาทกรรม” ที่ใช้เรียกกันในทางสังคมศาสตร์ และต่อมาได้พัฒนาเป็นศัพท์ที่ใช้กันในทางภาษาศาสตร์ภาษาไทยว่า “วาทกรรมวิเคราะห์เชิงวิพากษ์” ซึ่งเป็นการศึกษาแบบบูรณาการโดยการศึกษาโครงสร้างของภาษาระดับข้อความและพิจารณาการใช้ภาษานั้นจากปริบททางสังคมและวัฒนธรรมประกอบกัน
This article is intended to present knowledge of the study “discourse” in part of the development of research ideas and examples. In order to develop the concept of the study “discourse” and the language in the current text. It may be that the language of the text in the future.
The study found “discourse” is the study of the language in the above sentence or larger sentence from the context or situation in the communication language that appears. This study is the second dimension is ‘discourse’ to be discussed in terms of the language to match the terms in Thai language called " khokhwam", " wachana", " pritchathe " and " sam phantha san ", the study appears in the text link widely. ‘Discourse’ used to be the social dimension and social practices associated with language and use, words match in Thai language as " wathakam " is known in the social sciences, and later evolved into a term used in Thai language that linguistic language" wathakam wikhro choeng wiphak” a study by the integrated structure of the text and the language, the language of the context of social and cultural components.
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