Towards a Just Urban Transition: promises and pitfalls for Asian cities
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
Despite mounting global attention to the need for Just Transition, there is a gap in scholarship that examines the complex implications of these shifts in cities-moreover, a lack of attention to just urban transition in cities of the Global South. Drawing from the literature review and purposive interviews, this article proposes key principles to guide a just urban transition and discusses various themes and examples from the perspective of Asian cities. These include density, 15-minute cities, smart cities, urban greening, and good green jobs.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
1) บทความนี้เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของสถาบันวิจัยสังคม จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย แต่ความคิดเห็นและเนื้อหาเป็นของผู้แต่ง
2) ทัศนะและข้อคิดเห็นในวารสารวิจัยสังคมเป็นของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่าน มิใช่ทัศนะและข้อเขียนของกองบรรณาธิการฯ หรือสถาบันวิจัยสังคม จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย ผู้ประสงค์จะนำข้อความใดๆ ไปผลิต / เผยแพร่ซ้ำต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากผู้เขียนและกองบรรณาธิการวารสารวิจัยสังคม ว่าด้วยกฎหมายลิขสิทธิ์
References
- Anguelovski, I., Connolly, J. J., Garcia-Lamarca, M., Cole, H., & Pearsall, H. (2019). New scholarly pathways on green gentrification: What does the urban ‘green turn’ mean and where is it going?. Progress in Human Geography, 43(6), 1064–1086. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132518803799.
- Archer, D., & Adelina, C. (2021). Labour, Waste and the Circular Economy in Bangkok. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/210719a-mckay-caparas-2106i.pdf
- Armstrong McKay, D. I., et al. (2022). Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points. Science, 377(6611), eabn7950. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn7950.
- Atichartakarn, N. (2022, July). Waste Hero Alliance—Social Fiction Thinkathon. Policy workshop. Hosted by Yunus Thailand.
- Atta-ur-Rahman, Parvin, G. A., Shaw, R., & Surjan, A. (2016). Cities, Vulnerability, and Climate Change. Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia, 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802169-9.00003-3.
- Banerjee, S. (2022). APEC 2022: Pros and cons of BCG Bangkok model. Observer Research Foundation. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/apec-2022/.
- Boukerche, A., & Coutinho, R. W. L. (2018). Smart Disaster Detection and Response System for Smart Cities. 2018 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 01102–01107. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCC.2018.8538356.
- Brandi, C. (2021). Managing urbanisation—A global and just approach. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
- C40 Cities. (2022). C40 cities to drive the creation of 50 million good, green jobs by 2030 [Press release]. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.c40.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/201022-Green-Jobs-release.pdf.
____________. (2023). Green and Just Transition. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.c40.org/what-we-do/green-just-transition/.
- Cedefop. (2021). The green employment and skills transformation: Insights from a European Green Deal skills forecast scenario. [Online]. Retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2801/112540.
- Chomsky, N., & Pollin, R. (2020). Climate crisis and the global green new deal: The political economy of saving the planet. Verso Books.
- Chowdhury, S. (2021). South Korea’s Green New Deal in the year of transition [UNDP]. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/blog/south-koreas-green-new-deal-year-transition.
- Cities Alliance. (2021). Femmedina Inclusive City Programme in Tunis: An assessment of women’s participation in the Medina of Tunis. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.citiesalliance.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/Femmedina%20Assessment%20Report%20EN-compressed.pdf
- Coletta, C., Evans, L., Heaphy, L., & Kitchin, R. (Eds.). (2019). Creating smart cities. Routledge.
- Dobrusin, B. (2022). A Just Transition for Urban Transport Workers: Issues and Experiences from Unions in Cities of the Global South. International Transport Workers’ Federation.
- Ha Noi Ad Hoc. (n.d.). Hanoi Ad Hoc 1.0 // Architecture, Factories and (Re)Tracing the Modern Dream of Recent Past. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.hanoiadhoc.com/ad-hoc-1-0-introduction.
- Heffron, R. J. (2021). What is the “Just Transition”?. Achieving a Just Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy, 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89460-3_2.
- Huber, M. T. (2022). Climate Change as Class War: Building Socialism on a Warming Planet. Verso.
- Hughes, S., & Hoffmann, M. (2020). Just urban transitions: Toward a research agenda. WIREs Climate Change, 11(3), e640. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.640.
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Cities, Settlements and Key Infrastructure. [Online]. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.008.
- International Labour Organization. (n.d.). Frequently Asked Questions on Just Transition. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/green-jobs/WCMS_824102/lang--en/index.htm
- International Trade Union Confederation. (2022). COP27 establishes work program on just transition with social dialogue and social protection at its heart. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.ituc-csi.org/COP27-work-program.
- Jones, L. R., Cherry, C. R., Vu, T. A., & Nguyen, Q. N. (2013). The effect of incentives and technology on the adoption of electric motorcycles: A stated choice experiment in Vietnam. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 57, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2013.09.003.
- Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R., Sharifi, A., & Sadeghi, A. (2023). The 15-minute city: Urban planning and design efforts toward creating sustainable neighborhoods. Cities, 132, 104101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104101.
- Kolokotsa, D., Lilli, A. A., Lilli, M. A., & Nikolaidis, N. P. (2020). On the impact of nature-based solutions on citizens’ health & well being. Energy and Buildings, 229, 110527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110527.
- Le, M., & Hung, N. T. (2021). Towards Social-Ecological Transformation in Viet Nam: Building the Urban Future: Participation, Housing and Transportation. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
- Maharjan, M., Aryal, A., Man Shakya, B., Talchabhadel, R., Thapa, B. R., & Kumar, S. (2021). Evaluation of Urban Heat Island (UHI) Using Satellite Images in Densely Populated Cities of South Asia. Earth, 2(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth2010006.
- McCauley, D., & Heffron, R. (2018). Just transition: Integrating climate, energy and environmental justice. Energy Policy, 119, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.014.
- Moora, H., & Barde, H. (2019). Closing the loop: Innovative partnerships with informal workers to recover plastic waste, in an inclusive circular economy approach. Pune, India case study. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.unescap.org/resources/closing-loop-pune-india-case-study.
- Moreno, C., Allam, Z., Chabaud, D., Gall, C., & Pratlong, F. (2021). Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities. Smart Cities, 4(1), 93–111. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010006.
- Morgan, J. (2020). Degrowth: Necessary, urgent and good for you. Real-World Economics Review, (93), 113-131.
- Parr, A. (2014). The Wrath of Capital: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics. Columbia University Press.
- Pucher, J., & Buehler, R. (2008). Making Cycling Irresistible: Lessons from The Netherlands, Denmark and Germany. Transport Reviews, 28(4), 495–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640701806612.
- Purcell, M. (2002). Excavating Lefebvre: The right to the city and its urban politics of the inhabitant. GeoJournal, 58(2/3), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GEJO.0000010829.62237.8f.
- Reid, C. (2023). Rishi Sunak’s Attack On 15-Minute Cities Is ‘Baffling’ And ‘Concerning’ Says Originator Of Concept. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/carltonreid/2023/10/02/rishi-sunaks-attack-on-15-minute-cities-is-baffling-and-concerning-says-originator-of--concept/?sh=55a775e97dc0.
- Sánchez-Corcuera, R., et al. (2019). Smart cities survey: Technologies, application domains and challenges for the cities of the future. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 15(6), 155014771985398. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719853984.
- Satterthwaite, D., et al. (2020). Building Resilience to Climate Change in Informal Settlements. One Earth, 2(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.02.002.
- Thai PBS World. (2022). How far can Thailand’s ambitious BCG push go in the APEC community?. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.thaipbsworld.com/how-far-can-thailands-ambitious-bcg-push-go-in-the-apec-community/.
- United Nations. (2021). UN chief promotes “enormous” benefits of greener cities. [Online]. Retrieved from https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/10/1101992.
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2014). Population Facts: Our urbanizing world. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/ population/publications/pdf/popfacts/PopFacts_2014-3.pdf.
- United Nations Development Programme. (2022). Inclusion of Informal Waste Workers (IWWs) in the transition to sustainable waste management, Issue Brief. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/vietnam/publications/inclusion-informal-waste-workers-iwws-transition-sustainable-waste-management?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiAvoqsBhB9EiwA9XTWGQv_7igEPZROfAlv1dFA-tBZnSaPpw7PyMqQ0-fpkFoGW7v81n_20BoC9y8QAvD_BwE.
- United Nations Economists Network. (2023). Thematic brief: A global green new deal for a sustainable recovery and a resilient future. [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/ggnd_brief_v2.pdf.
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2022). Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan. [Online]. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/documents/624444.
- UN-Habitat. (2020). The New Urban Agenda. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat).
- Urban Innovative Actions. (2022). Inception Report. [Online]. Retrieved from https://uia-initiative.eu/en/just-urban-transitions/inception-report.
- WBGU German Advisory Council on Global Change. (2016). Humanity on the move: Unlocking the transformative potential of cities. [Online]. Retrieved from https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/12906/7/Humanity%20on%20the%20move%20Unlocking%20the%20transformative%20power%20of%20cities.pdf.
- Werner, S. (2017). International review of district heating and cooling. Energy, 137, 617–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.045
- WeSolve Foundation. (2021). Case Study: Mobilizing Public Transport Champions with the Move As One Coalition. [Online]. Retrieved from https://wesolveph.medium.com/mobilizing-public-transport-champions-with-the-move-as-one-coalition-625aff85b410.
- Wissen, M., & Brand, U. (2017). (Re)producing inequality: Production and consumption under the imperial mode of living. Global Labour Column.
- Wolch, J. R., Byrne, J., & Newell, J. P. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities ‘just green enough’. Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, 234–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017.
- Xiao, G., Xue, L. & Woetzel, J. (2010). The Urban Sustainability Index: A New Tool for Measuring China’s Cities. [Online]. Retrieved from https://urbanchinainitiative.typepad.com/files/usi.pdf.
- Zander, K. K., Richerzhagen, C., & Garnett, S. T. (2019). Human mobility intentions in response to heat in urban South East Asia. Global Environmental Change, 56, 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.03.004.
Interviews
- Thailand, February 2022. Interview.
- Viet Nam, November 2022. Interview.
- Philippines, November 2022. Interview.