The Global Governance of the Protection of the Rights of Sex Workers
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Published:
Dec 7, 2021
Keywords:
global governance human rights sex workers prostitution
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Abstract
This article aims to study the global governance of human rights protection of sex workers. It focuses on explaining the development of the global governance process as well as the involved actors within both public and private sectors such as civil societies, governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The explanation is elaborated through three phases of the global governance process of human rights protection. The first phase is creating common awareness among the public regarding the issue. The second phase is mobilizing the support from within and without the country by framing the clear direction and finite scopes of the issues. The final phase is institutionalizing solutions to such problems by altering states’ policies, laws, and regulations regarding the issue of the rights of sex workers. Despite the success of enhancing the level of protection of the rights of sex workers in many countries, there are still a lot more countries that such protection has not happened. The main obstacle occurred since the awareness-building phase because many societies have a strong belief, culturally or religiously or both, that being a sex worker is evil and not socially acceptable. This is the reason why the global governance concerning this issue is still considered an unfinished business.
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How to Cite
กิตติเสรีชัย ไ. (2021). The Global Governance of the Protection of the Rights of Sex Workers. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Kasetsart University, 47(2), 30–44. retrieved from https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/socku/article/view/251071
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Academic Articles
References
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Amnesty International. (2016a). Amnesty International Policy on State Obligations to Respect, Protect and fulfil the Human Rights of Sex Workers. Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL3040622016ENGLISH.PDF
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Kempadoo, K. (2003). Globalizing Sex Workers' Rights. Canadian Woman Studies, 22(3), 143-150.
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Rosenau, J. (1995). Governance in the Twenty-first Century. Global Governance, 1(1), 13-43.
Saunders, P. (2000). Fifteen Years after the World Charter for Prostitutes’ Rights. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20071009194216/http://www.cceia.org/resources/publications/dialogue/2_03/articles/629.html
Scholte, J. (2012). Poor People in Rich countries: The Roles of Global Governance. Global Social Policy, 12(1), 3-23.
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UNAIDS. (2002). Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic. Retrieved from https://data.unaids.org/pub/report/2002/brglobal_aids_report_en_pdf_red_en.pdf
UNDP. (2012). Sex Work and the Law in Asia and the Pacific. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/ hiv-aids/sex-work-and-the-law-in-asia-and-the-pacific.html
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Weiss, T. (2000). Governance, Good Governance and Global Governance: Conceptual and Actual Challenges. Third World Quarterly, 21(5), 795-814.
Weitzer, R. (1991). Prostitutes’ Rights in The United States: The Failure of a Movement. Sociological Quarterly, 32(1), 23-41.
Weitzer, R. (2009). Sociology of Sex Work. Annual Review of Sociology, 35(1), 213-234.
WHO. (2020). WHO announces COVID-19 Outbreak a Pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic
World Health Organization. (1999). The World Health Report: Making a Difference. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42167/WHR_1999.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
World Health Organization. (2005). Violence Against Sex Workers and HIV Prevention: Information Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/gender-equity-rights/knowledge/sexworkers.pdf?ua=1
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Translated Thai References
Ministry of Justice. (2012). Knowledge Set: Human Rights, Constitutional Rights and Freedom, The Main Human Rights Treaties that Thailand is a Party. Retrieved from http://www.rlpd.go.th/rlpdnew/images/rlpd_1/HRC/nhr.pdf [in Thai].
Preechawach Savetphataraphaisan and Phiraphot Pinthongdee. (2019). The Problems of Enforcing the Prostitution Prevention and Suppression Act B.E. 2539. Journal of MCU Buddhapanya Review, 3(2), 149-156. [in Thai].
ปรีชาวัชร์ เศวตภัทรไพศาล และพีรพจน์ ปิ่นทองดี. (2561). ปัญหาการบังคับใช้พระราชบัญญัติป้องกันและปราบปรามการค้าประเวณี พ.ศ. 2539. วารสาร มจร พุทธปัญญาปริทรรศน์, 3(2), 149-156.
Abel, G. M., Fitzgerald, L. J., & Brunton, C. (2009). The impact of decriminalisation on the number of sex workers in New Zealand. Journal of Social Policy, 38(3), 515-531.
Amnesty International. (2016a). Amnesty International Policy on State Obligations to Respect, Protect and fulfil the Human Rights of Sex Workers. Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL3040622016ENGLISH.PDF
Amnesty International. (2016b). Sex Workers at Risk: A Research Summary of Human Rights Abuses Against Sex Workers. Retrieved from https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/sex-workers-at-risk-a-research-summary-of-human-rights-abuses-against-sex-workers/
APNSW. (n.d.-a). Vision, Goals, Values. Retrieved from https://www.apnsw.info/vision
APNSW. (n.d.-b). community guide: The Real Impact of the Swedish Model on Sex Workers. Retrieved from https://www.nswp.org/sites/nswp.org/files/Swedish%20Model%20Advocacy%20Toolkit%20Community%20Guide%2C%20NSWP%20-%20November%202015.pdf
Avert. (2020). HIV and AIDS in Thailand. Retrieved from https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/asia-pacific/thailand#footnote22_rx60xtp
Dingwerth, K., & Pattberg, P. (2006). Global Governance as a Perspective on World Politics. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 12, 185-204.
Eichert, D. (2019). It Ruined My Life: FOSTA, Male Escorts, and the Construction of Sexual Victimhood in American Politics. Virginia Journal of Social Policy & the Law, 26 (3), 202-244.
Goonesekere, S. (2013). National Implementation of International Human Rights, Social Inclusion and the Empowerment of People. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/egms/docs/2013/EmpowermentPolicies/National%20Implementation%20of%20International%20Human%20Rights.pdf
Grégoire T. (2012). Prostitution under International Human Rights Law. Retrieved from http://www.cap-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Prostitution UnderIntlHumanRightsLawEN.pdf
Ham, J. (2011). Moving Beyond 'Supply and Demand' Catchphrases: Assessing the Uses and Limitations of Demand-based Approaches in Anti-trafficking. Retrieved from http://www.gaatw.org/publications/MovingBeyond_Supplyand Demand_GAATW2011.pdf
Harcourt, C., Egger, S., & Donovan, B. (2005). Sex work and the law. Sexual Health, 2(3), 121-128.
Hesperian. (2019). Sex workers. Retrieved from http://hesperian.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/en_wwhnd_2018/en_wwhnd_ 2018_20.pdf
Home Affairs Committee. (2016). Prostitution. Retrieved from https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmhaff/26/26.pdf
ICRSE. (2005). The Declaration of the Rights of Sex Workers in Europe. Retrieved from https://www.sexworkeurope.org/sites/default/files/userfiles/files/ join/dec_brussels2005.pdf
Inter-Parliamentary Union. (2016). Human Rights. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/documents/publications/ handbookparliamentarians.pdf
Jackson, C. A. (2013). Sex Worker Rights Organizing as Social Movement Unionism: Responding to the Criminalization of Work. (Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), University of Nevada).
Kempadoo, K. (2003). Globalizing Sex Workers' Rights. Canadian Woman Studies, 22(3), 143-150.
Levy, M. A., Young, O. R., & Zürn, M. (1995). The Study of International Regimes. European journal of international relations, 1(3), 267-330.
Lyons, C. E., Schwartz, S. R., Murray, S. M., Shannon, K., Diouf, D., Mothopeng, T., . . . Mnisi, Z. (2020). The Role of Sex Work Laws and Stigmas in Increasing HIV Risks among Sex Workers. Nature communications, 11(1), 1-11.
Merry, S. E. (2011). Sex Trafficking and Global Governance in the Context of Pacific mobility. Law Text Culture, 15(11), 187-208.
New Zealand Government. (2008). Report of the Prostitution Law Review Committee on the Operation of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003. Retrieved from https://prostitutescollective.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/report-of-the-nz-prostitution-law-committee-2008.pdf
North, A. (2019). The Movement to Decriminalize Sex Work, Explained. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2019/8/2/20692327/sex-work-decriminalization-prostitution-new-york-dc
NSWP. (n.d.-a). Origins of the Red Umbrella as the Symbol of the Sex Worker Rights Movement. Retrieved from https://www.nswp.org/timeline/event/origins-the-red-umbrella-the-symbol-the-sex-worker-rights-movement
NSWP. (n.d.-b). What we do. Retrieved from https://www.nswp.org/what-we-do
Post, C., Brouwer, J. G., & Vols, M. (2019). Regulation of Prostitution in the Netherlands: Liberal Dream or Growing Repression? European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 25(2), 99-118.
Procon. (2013). Historical Timeline: History of Prostitution from 2400 BC to the Present. Retrieved from https://prostitution.procon.org/historical-timeline/#1946-1999
Rosenau, J. (1995). Governance in the Twenty-first Century. Global Governance, 1(1), 13-43.
Saunders, P. (2000). Fifteen Years after the World Charter for Prostitutes’ Rights. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20071009194216/http://www.cceia.org/resources/publications/dialogue/2_03/articles/629.html
Scholte, J. (2012). Poor People in Rich countries: The Roles of Global Governance. Global Social Policy, 12(1), 3-23.
The Global Network of Sex Work Projects. (2014). History. Retrieved from https://www.nswp.org/history
UNAIDS. (2002). Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic. Retrieved from https://data.unaids.org/pub/report/2002/brglobal_aids_report_en_pdf_red_en.pdf
UNDP. (2012). Sex Work and the Law in Asia and the Pacific. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/ hiv-aids/sex-work-and-the-law-in-asia-and-the-pacific.html
United Nations. (1945). United Nations Charter, Chapter I: Purposes and Principles. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/chapter-1
United Nations. (2014). Global Governance and Global Rules for Development in the Post-2015 Era. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/cdp/cdp_publications/2014cdppolicynote.pdf
Weiss, T. (2000). Governance, Good Governance and Global Governance: Conceptual and Actual Challenges. Third World Quarterly, 21(5), 795-814.
Weitzer, R. (1991). Prostitutes’ Rights in The United States: The Failure of a Movement. Sociological Quarterly, 32(1), 23-41.
Weitzer, R. (2009). Sociology of Sex Work. Annual Review of Sociology, 35(1), 213-234.
WHO. (2020). WHO announces COVID-19 Outbreak a Pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic
World Health Organization. (1999). The World Health Report: Making a Difference. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42167/WHR_1999.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
World Health Organization. (2005). Violence Against Sex Workers and HIV Prevention: Information Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/gender-equity-rights/knowledge/sexworkers.pdf?ua=1
World Health Organization. (2020). Sex Workers: Part of the Solution. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/hiv/topics/vct/sw_toolkit/115solution.pdf
Translated Thai References
Ministry of Justice. (2012). Knowledge Set: Human Rights, Constitutional Rights and Freedom, The Main Human Rights Treaties that Thailand is a Party. Retrieved from http://www.rlpd.go.th/rlpdnew/images/rlpd_1/HRC/nhr.pdf [in Thai].
Preechawach Savetphataraphaisan and Phiraphot Pinthongdee. (2019). The Problems of Enforcing the Prostitution Prevention and Suppression Act B.E. 2539. Journal of MCU Buddhapanya Review, 3(2), 149-156. [in Thai].
