The Four Origins in Buddhism: A Dynamic Framework for Holistic Medicine

Abstract

This academic article aims to analyze the concept of the Four Origins (Samutthāna 4) in Buddhism, namely Kamma-samutthāna (karmic origin), Citta-samutthāna (mental origin), Utu-samutthāna (climatic or environmental origin), and Āhāra-samutthāna (nutritional origin). These principles are not merely explanations of the causes of illness in a fragmented or isolated sense; rather, they function as a dynamic conceptual framework that systematically explains the interrelationship among the body, mind, environment, and patterns of living behavior. When the concept of the Four Origins is examined in conjunction with the principles of Thai traditional medicine, the diagnosis and treatment of illness can be approached through multiple dimensions, including physical, psychological, and environmental factors, rather than being limited solely to the management of symptoms. The new contribution of this article lies in elevating the concept of the Four Origins from a traditional scriptural framework to an integrative conceptual model for holistic medicine. Such a framework can serve as a theoretical foundation for analyzing and developing therapeutic approaches within the contexts of Thai traditional medicine and complementary or alternative medicine in contemporary society. This perspective is valuable for the study of applied Buddhism, research in holistic health, and the development of integrated healthcare systems.